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Research Article | Open Access

Uniform one-sided conformal bands for forward realized volatility curves

Department of Finance and Banking, Görele School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Abstract

We introduce uniform, one-sided conformal prediction bands for forward realized volatility (FRV) paths that control the entire trajectory up to a fixed horizon H with finite-sample, distribution-free marginal validity. The construction is model-agnostic: A monotone (isotonic) baseline across horizons and robust per-horizon scales are fitted to the training data; a scaled sup-norm score calibrated on a chronological holdout yields the uniform envelope. To address serial dependence, we employ block-maxima calibration; for regime sensitivity, we add group conditional (Mondrian) variants based on training-only state variables. On eight liquid assets, the method achieves conservative uniform coverage while adapting the width to tail risk: Bands are widest for crypto and oil, and tightest for broad equities and treasuries. A simple operational law emerges, namely that the mean one-sided width grows approximately with H , turning the horizon design into a transparent safety-tightness trade-off. Practical guidance is given as follows: α 0.05 is a reliable default for thinner tails, while α [ 0.05 , 0.025 ] increases safety where bursts are frequent. Relative to parametric benchmarks such as heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility (HAR-RV) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, our bands remain valid across regimes and stay width competitive in calmer markets. The algorithm is linear in n H and agrees with deployment diagnostics. Overall, uniform FRV envelopes provide an operationally transparent, model-agnostic tool for pathwise volatility control, with tunable conservatism and simple extensions for dependence, covariate shift, and cross-split stability.

CLC number: 62M10, 62P05

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 27314-27337

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Cite this article:
Sözen Ç. Uniform one-sided conformal bands for forward realized volatility curves. AIMS Mathematics, 2025, 10(11): 27314-27337. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.20251201

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Received: 19 September 2025
Revised: 09 November 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
Published: 24 November 2025
©2025 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)