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Research Article | Open Access

Laplacian spectrum of the unit graph associated to the ring of integers modulo p q

Wafaa Fakieh1Amal Alsaluli1,2( )Hanaa Alashwali1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

Let R be a ring and U ( R ) be the set of unit elements of R. The unit graph G ( R ) of R is the graph whose vertices are all the elements of R, defining distinct vertices x and y to be adjacent if and only if x + y U ( R ). The Laplacian spectrum of G ( Z n ) was studied when n = p m , where p is a prime and m is a positive integer. Consequently, in this paper, we study the Laplacian spectrum of G ( Z n ), for n = p 1 p 2 . . . p k , where p i are distinct primes and i = 1 , 2 , . . . , k.

CLC number: 05C25, 05C50, 05C76

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 4098-4108

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Cite this article:
Fakieh W, Alsaluli A, Alashwali H. Laplacian spectrum of the unit graph associated to the ring of integers modulo p q. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(2): 4098-4108. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2024200

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Received: 10 November 2023
Revised: 15 December 2023
Accepted: 26 December 2023
Published: 15 February 2024
©2024 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)