Analytical discovery of dark soliton lattices in (2+1)-dimensional generalized fractional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation

This research explored optical soliton solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional generalized fractional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation (gFKMNE), which is a nonlinear model for explaining pulse transmission in communication structures and optical fibers. Two enhanced variants of $(\frac{G^{\prime }}{G})$-expansion method were employed, namely, extended $(\frac{G^{\prime }}{G})$-expansion method and the generalized $(r+\frac{G^{\prime }}{G})$-expansion method, based on the wave transformation of the model into integer-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs). By assuming a series-form solution for the resultant NODEs, these strategic methods further translated them into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Solving these equations provided optical soliton solutions for gFKMNE using the Maple-13 tool. Through 3D and contour visuals, it was revealed that the constructed soliton solutions are periodically arranged in the optical medium, forming dark soliton lattices. These dark soliton lattices are significant in several domains, such as optical signal processing, optical communications, and nonlinear optics.