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We review mathematical models describing how Optical Coherence Tomography works. Hereby, we focus on models based on Maxwell's equations and their simplifications. We highlight especially the effects of different modeling assumptions for the incident illumination, the medium, the light propagation, and the measurement setup and illustrate the qualitatively differing behavior in numerical simulations of the OCT data and compare them with real data from OCT measurements.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
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