Thermo-bioconvection flow of Walter's B nanofluid over a Riga plate involving swimming motile microorganisms

The novelty of the current paper is to study the bioconvection effects in Walter's B nanofluid flow due to stretchable surface, which leads to important properties, i.e., thermal radiation, activation energy, motile microorganisms and convective boundary constraints. The considered analysis is explained via partial differential equations (PDEs), which are first embedded into the dimensionless system of nonlinear ODEs through suitable transformations. The governing equations are solved in MATLAB using the bvp4c solver. The impact of interesting parameters on the velocity field, thermal field, concentration of species and concentration of microorganisms is exhibited in graphical and tabular forms. The velocity field increases for higher estimations of the modified Hartmann and mixed convection parameters. The thermal field decays for a higher magnitude of the Prandtl number, while it is enhanced for a larger deviation of the thermal conductivity parameter. The volumetric concentration of nanoparticles enhances the larger activation energy and thermophoresis parameters. The microorganism concentration diminishes for higher Peclet number. The current model is more useful in various fields such as tissue engineering, recombinant proteins, synthetic biology, and biofuel cell and drug delivery devices.