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Research Article | Open Access

Cospectral graphs for the normalized Laplacian

Meiling Hu1Shuli Li2,3,4( )
Department of Basis, Jiangxi V&T College of Communication, Nanchang 330013, China
School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Data-Intensive Computing, Quanzhou 362000, China
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Abstract

Let G ( a 1 , a 2 , , a k ) be a simple graph with vertex set V ( G ) = V 1 V 2 V k and edge set E ( G ) = { ( u , v ) | u V i , v V i + 1 , i = 1 , 2 , , k 1 }, where | V i | = a i > 0 for 1 i k and V i V j = for i j. Given two positive integers k and n, and k 2 positive rational numbers t 2 , t 3 , , t k / 2 and t 2 , t 3 , , t k / 2 , let Υ ( n ; k ) t t = { G ( a 1 , a 2 , , a k ) | i = 1 k a i = n , a 2 i 1 = t i a 1 , a 2 j = t j a 2 , i = 2 , 3 , , k / 2 , j = 2 , 3 , , k / 2 ; t = ( t 2 , t 3 , , t k / 2 ) , t = ( t 2 , t 3 , , t k / 2 ) ; a s N , 1 s k }, where N is the set of positive integers. In this paper, we prove that all graphs in Υ ( n ; k ) t t are cospectral with respect to the normalized Laplacian if it is not an empty set.

CLC number: 05C31, 05C50

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 4061-4067

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Cite this article:
Hu M, Li S. Cospectral graphs for the normalized Laplacian. AIMS Mathematics, 2022, 7(3): 4061-4067. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2022224

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Received: 06 October 2021
Accepted: 09 December 2021
Published: 15 March 2021
©2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)