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Research Article | Open Access

New classes of graphs with edge δ graceful labeling

Mohamed R. Zeen El Deen1( )Ghada Elmahdy2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 42524, Egypt
Department of Basic science, Canal High Institute of Engineering and Technology, Suez 42524, Egypt
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Abstract

Graph labeling is a source of valuable mathematical models for an extensive range of applications in technologies (communication networks, cryptography, astronomy, data security, various coding theory problems). An edge δ graceful labeling of a graph G with p vertices and q edges, for any positive integer δ, is a bijective f from the set of edge E ( G ) to the set of positive integers { δ , 2 δ , 3 δ , , q δ } such that all the vertex labels f [ V ( G ) ], given by: f ( u ) = ( u v E ( G ) f ( u v ) ) m o d ( δ k ), where k = m a x ( p , q ), are pairwise distinct. In this paper, we show the existence of an edge δ graceful labeling, for any positive integer δ, for the following graphs: the splitting graphs of the cycle, fan, and crown, the shadow graphs of the path, cycle, and fan graph, the middle graphs and the total graphs of the path, cycle, and crown. Finally, we display the existence of an edge δ graceful labeling, for the twig and snail graphs.

CLC number: 05C78, 05C90

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 3554-3589

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Cite this article:
Zeen El Deen MR, Elmahdy G. New classes of graphs with edge δ graceful labeling. AIMS Mathematics, 2022, 7(3): 3554-3589. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2022197

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Received: 10 October 2021
Accepted: 23 November 2021
Published: 15 March 2021
©2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)