Life cycle analysis and environmental cost-benefit assessment of utilizing hospital medical waste into heavy metal safe paving blocks

This research explored the life cycle analysis and environmental cost-benefit assessment of converting ash waste from hospital medical waste incineration into environmentally safe paving block raw materials. The growing concerns about medical waste disposal and its environmental impact necessitate innovative solutions for sustainable waste management. This research aimed to evaluate the feasibility and environmental implications of reusing hospital waste into raw materials for paving block mixtures. This research, a comprehensive life cycle analysis, examined the environmental impacts of medical waste collection for the production and use of paving blocks. Additionally, we conducted an environmental cost-benefit assessment to ascertain the economic feasibility and potential environmental impact forecasts of this recycling approach. The research results show that converting hospital medical waste ash into mixed raw materials for paving blocks not only immobilizes heavy metals but also provides a sustainable alternative for non-building materials. These findings highlight the potential for significant environmental and economic benefits, making this approach a promising strategy for waste management and sustainable construction practices. The cost of preventing environmental damage (eco-cost) in the process of converting ash from the incineration of medical waste into a mixture of raw materials for paving blocks is IDR 600,180.9 per cycle.