Advanced Functional Optical Fiber Sensors for Smart Battery Monitoring

With the increasing demand for batteries, the real-time in situ monitoring of the physical/chemical state within the “black box” is critical to improving battery performance. Consequently, the development of a cost-effective and in situ battery monitoring system that does not interfere with the normal operation of the battery is imminent. Traditional monitoring techniques are constrained by size, reliability, and scalability. Optical fiber sensors offer a distinctive advantage in enabling highly sensitive, multiparameter in situ measurements in the harsh electrochemical environment of batteries. By decoding these characteristic parameters, it helps to establish the evolution mechanism of the battery’s safety state. Additionally, the integration of advanced lab-on-fiber technology with battery monitoring systems has attracted considerable attention. This review summarizes the recent advances in optical fiber sensing technology in the fields of battery temperature and mechanical stress/strain and provides an outlook on the future challenges and development of smart batteries.