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Article | Open Access

Magnetic melamine cross-linked polystyrene-alt-malic anhydride copolymer: Synthesis, characterization, paclitaxel delivery, cytotoxic effects on human ovarian and breast cancer cells

RAZIEH MOMEN-MESGIN1, JAFAR REZAIE2( ), VAHID NEJATI1, PEYMAN NAJAFI MOGHADAM3
Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5714783734, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
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Abstract

Objectives

Due to systematic side effects, there is a growing interest in nanoparticle formulation of anticancer drugs. Here, we aimed to synthesize poly (styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) cross-linked by melamine (PSMA/Me) and coated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) PSMA/Me/Fe3O4. In addition, we aimed to load paclitaxel (PTX) into PSMA/Me/Fe3O4 for drug delivery and anticancer investigations.

Methods

Novel PSMA/Me was synthesized via free radical copolymerization, coated with Fe3O4, and then used as a transporter for PTX delivery. Fabricated copolymer was characterized using SEM, TGA, and XRD techniques. Drug release rate and loading efficiency were investigated. Human ovarian cancer cells (Skov-3) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) were incubated with the serial concentration of either free PTX or PSMA/Me/Fe3O4/PTX for cell viability and IC50 analysis for 24 and 48 h.

Results

Characterization methods confirmed PSMA/Me copolymer formation. The results showed a significant encapsulation efficiency of 83%. The drug release analysis exhibited that PSMA/Me/Fe3O4/PTX may be considered pH-sensitive nanocarriers. PSMA/Me/Fe3O4/PTX reduced cell viability both dose and time-dependently (p < 0.05). IC50 values of PSMA/Me/Fe3O4/PTX were low when compared to free PTX either 24 or 48 h post-treatment.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that PSMA/Me/Fe3O4/PTX was more cytotoxic than PTX in both cancer cells. Findings indicated the potential of PSMA/Me/Fe3O4/PTX as an anticancer nanocarrier system.

Keywords

Breast cancerOvarian cancerPSMA/Me Fe3O4 MNPsPaclitaxel (PTX)

References

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Oncology Research
Volume 33 Issue 3,
February 2025
Pages 665-674
DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.054487

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MOMEN-MESGIN R, REZAIE J, NEJATI V, et al. Magnetic melamine cross-linked polystyrene-alt-malic anhydride copolymer: Synthesis, characterization, paclitaxel delivery, cytotoxic effects on human ovarian and breast cancer cells. Oncology Research, 2025, 33(3): 665-674. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2024.054487

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Received: 29 May 2024
Accepted: 13 September 2024
Published: 28 February 2025
© The Author 2024.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.