Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in tumor progression

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo. LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The specific actions of LCN2 in tumors may vary depending on the particular type of cancer involved. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LCN2 in health and disease. Furthermore, we summarize the impact of LCN2 dysregulation in a broad range of tumors. Lastly, we examine the mechanisms of action of LCN2 during tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Understanding the complex relationships between LCN2 and tumor development, progression, and metastasis is vital for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology, developing biomarkers for diagnosis and clinical decision-making, and creating therapeutic strategies to improve the management of patients with cancer.