The Combination of Non-Uniform Curved Fins and Nanoparticles for Enhanced Phase Change Heat Storage

Enhancing the efficiency of phase-change heat storage is vital for maximizing the utilization of renewable energy. This study examines the synergistic effect of non-uniformly shaped fins and nanoparticles on the melting performance of phase-change storage tanks. The problem is addressed using a finite volume framework coupled with the enthalpy–porosity method, with the numerical model rigorously validated against experimental data. The analysis explores the influence of varying fin deflection angles and nanoparticle concentrations on melting dynamics. It is shown that a downward fin deflection of 6° reduces melting time to 570 s, representing a 20.8% improvement over uniform fins. Introducing 1% nanoparticles further accelerates melting, reducing time by 36.54% compared to the nanoparticle-free case. The combined strategy of 6° fin deflection and 1% nanoparticle addition shows the most economic heat storage rate, achieving an exceptional 80.74% enhancement relative to a tank with uniform fins.