Modeling Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids: Foundational Research for Future Photovoltaic Thermal Applications

The primary objective of this study is to develop an innovative theoretical model to accurately predict the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids designed to enhance cooling in solar panel applications. This research lays the groundwork for our future studies, which will focus on photovoltaic thermal applications. These nanofluids consist of water and nanoparticles of alumina (Al₂O₃), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and copper (Cu), exploring volumetric concentrations ranging from 0% to 4% for each type of nanoparticle, and up to 10% for total mixtures. The developed model accounts for complex interactions between the nanoparticles and the base fluid, as well as synergistic effects resulting from the coexistence of different nanoparticles. Detailed simulations have shown exceptional agreement with experimental results, reinforcing the credibility of our approach in accurately capturing the thermophysical behavior of these hybrid nanofluids. Based on these results, our study proposes significant advancements in the design and optimization of nanofluids for cooling applications in solar panels. These developments are crucial for improving the efficiency of solar installations by mitigating overheating effects, providing a solid foundation for practical applications in this rapidly evolving field.