Optimized Sustainable Hybridization Through Holistic Multi-Platform Simulation: Enhancing Dynamic Response in Solar-Wind-Battery Energy Systems

The increasing penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into power grids poses challenges due to their inherent intermittency and variability, which can compromise grid stability and reliability. Hybridizing solar PV with wind energy and battery energy storage system (BESS) offers a promising solution by leveraging resource complementarity and providing fast frequency response. This study presents a techno-economic and environmental assessment of a hybrid renewable energy system. Wind turbines and a BESS are integrated with the existing 7.5 MW Sirajganj Solar PV Power Plant in Bangladesh. The proposed hybrid configuration is evaluated using real-world operational data and site-specific environmental parameters in a multi-platform simulation framework. MATLAB Simulink and DIgSILENT PowerFactory assess dynamic control and steady state stability, and HOMER Pro and openLCA perform techno-economic optimization and environmental impact analysis. Six system configurations were analyzed to determine the most technically reliable and cost-effective solution. The selected configuration includes 7.5 MW of solar PV, 6.5 MW of wind, and an 8 MWh BESS. The setup achieves a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of ＄0.123/kWh, a net present cost (NPC) of ＄34.5 million, and a 7.4-year payback period. Dynamic simulations show grid compliant operation under disturbances. Frequency remains within (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity) ENTSO-E limits, rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) is reduced relative to the standalone PV plant, and harmonic distortion is mitigated through filtering. PVsyst validates the energy output obtained from HOMER Pro and provides performance ratio and detailed system loss breakdowns for the PV system. A Monte Carlo-based uncertainty analysis validates the robustness of the results. Life cycle assessment (LCA) shows the hybrid system’s total global warming potential (GWP) was about 20 times lower than coal and 11 times lower than gas generation. The hybrid solution offers a sustainable model for enhancing renewable energy infrastructure in Bangladesh and similar resource-constrained regions.