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Article | Open Access

An AI-Blockchain Hybrid Model to Enhance Security and Trust in Web 4.0

Samer R. Sabbah1Mohammad Rasmi Al-Mousa1Ala’a Al-Shaikh2Ahmad Al Smadi3( )Suhaila Abuowaida4Amina Salhi5( )Arij Alfaidi6
Department of Cyber Security, College of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
Cybersecurity Department, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Al-Zaytoonah University, Amman, Jordan
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Al-Zaytoonah University, Amman, Jordan
Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for IT, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Computer Sciences, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

Web 4.0 platforms introduce intelligent, decentralized agents and real-time interactions that increase both utility and attack surface. This paper presents a comprehensive, reproducible AI blockchain hybrid designed to (1) detect SQL injection attacks at scale using a textual TFIDF + machine-learning pipeline, (2) incorporate reputation signals from a real-world Bitcoin OTC trust dataset to compute a TrustAlert Score (TAS) that prioritizes alerts and guides logging policy, and (3) record privacy-preserving audit digests on blockchain, optionally attested via a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) pipeline. We evaluate the system on a 148 k SQL corpus and Soc-SignBitcoinOTC reputation data. The detection module achieves high accuracy (0.9797), F1 (0.9807), and ROCAUC (0.9972). TAS effectively separates malicious from benign events (TAS AUC = 0.96) and enables selective on-chain logging to reduce cost. Blockchain benchmarks indicate that local (Ganache) throughput is adequate for batched logging, while public testnet (Goerli) exhibits significantly higher latency and gas usage; ZKP attachments further increase on-chain cost. We discuss practical deployment patterns (digest-only on-chain, Layer2 batching), propose evaluation extensions (transfer learning, adversarial red-teaming), and release reproducible scripts for the community.

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Computers, Materials & Continua

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Cite this article:
Sabbah SR, Al-Mousa MR, Al-Shaikh A, et al. An AI-Blockchain Hybrid Model to Enhance Security and Trust in Web 4.0. Computers, Materials & Continua, 2026, 88(1). https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2026.079241

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Received: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 03 March 2026
Published: 08 May 2026
© The Author 2026.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.