Optimizing Routing Algorithms for Next-Generation Networks: A Resilience-Driven Framework for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

Next-Generation Networks (NGNs) demand high resilience, dynamic adaptability, and efficient resource utilization to enable ubiquitous connectivity. In this context, the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) architecture is uniquely positioned to meet these requirements. However, conventional NGN routing algorithms often fail to account for SAGIN’s intrinsic characteristics, such as its heterogeneous structure, dynamic topology, and constrained resources, leading to suboptimal performance under disruptions such as node failures or cyberattacks. To meet these demands for SAGIN, this study proposes a resilience-oriented routing optimization framework featuring dynamic weighting and multi-objective evaluation. Methodologically, we define three core routing performance metrics, quantified through a four-dimensional model, encompassing robustness $R_d$, resilience $R_r$, adaptability $R_a$, and resource utilization efficiency $R_u$, and integrate them into a comprehensive evaluation metric. In simulated SAGIN environments, the proposed Multi-Indicator Weighted Resilience Evaluation Algorithm (MIW-REA) demonstrates significant improvements in resilience enhancement, recovery acceleration, and resource optimization. It maintains 82.3% service availability even with a 30% node failure rate, reduces Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack recovery time by 43%, decreases bandwidth waste by 23.4%, and lowers energy consumption by 18.9%. By addressing challenges unique to the SAGIN network, this research provides a flexible real-time solution for NGN routing optimization that balances resilience, efficiency, and adaptability, advancing the field.