Layered Feature Engineering for E-Commerce Purchase Prediction: A Hierarchical Evaluation on Taobao User Behavior Datasets

Accurate purchase prediction in e-commerce critically depends on the quality of behavioral features. This paper proposes a layered and interpretable feature engineering framework that organizes user signals into three layers: Basic, Conversion & Stability (efficiency and volatility across actions), and Advanced Interactions & Activity (cross-behavior synergies and intensity). Using real Taobao (Alibaba’s primary e-commerce platform) logs (57,976 records for 10,203 users; 25 November–03 December 2017), we conducted a hierarchical, layer-wise evaluation that holds data splits and hyperparameters fixed while varying only the feature set to quantify each layer’s marginal contribution. Across logistic regression (LR), decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost models with stratified 5-fold cross-validation, the performance improved monotonically from Basic to Conversion & Stability to Advanced features. With LR, F1 increased from 0.613 (Basic) to 0.962 (Advanced); boosted models achieved high discrimination (0.995 AUC Score) and an F1 score up to 0.983. Calibration and precision–recall analyses indicated strong ranking quality and acknowledged potential dataset and period biases given the short (9-day) window. By making feature contributions measurable and reproducible, the framework complements model-centric advances and offers a transparent blueprint for production-grade behavioral modeling. The code and processed artifacts are publicly available, and future work will extend the validation to longer, seasonal datasets and hybrid approaches that combine automated feature learning with domain-driven design.