Blockchain-Based Electronic Health Passport for Secure Storage and Sharing of Healthcare Data

The growing demand for international travel has highlighted the critical need for reliable tools to verify travelers’ healthcare status and meet entry requirements. Personal health passports, while essential, face significant challenges related to data silos, privacy protection, and forgery risks in global sharing. To address these issues, this study proposes a blockchain-based solution designed for the secure storage, sharing, and verification of personal health passports. This innovative approach combines on-chain and off-chain storage, leveraging searchable encryption to enhance data security and optimize blockchain storage efficiency. By reducing the storage burden on the blockchain, the system ensures both the secure handling and reliable sharing of sensitive personal health data. An optimized consensus mechanism streamlines the process into two stages, minimizing communication complexity among nodes and significantly improving the throughput of the blockchain system. Additionally, the introduction of advanced aggregate signature technology accommodates multi-user scenarios, reducing computational overhead for signature verification and enabling swift identification of malicious forgers. Comprehensive security analyses validate the system’s robustness and reliability. Simulation results demonstrate notable performance improvements over existing solutions, with reductions in computational overhead of up to 49.89% and communication overhead of up to 25.81% in multi-user scenarios. Furthermore, the optimized consensus mechanism shows substantial efficiency gains across varying node configurations. This solution represents a significant step toward addressing the pressing challenges of health passport management in a secure, scalable, and efficient manner.