Solar Radiation Estimation Based on a New Combined Approach of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) in South Algeria

When designing solar systems and assessing the effectiveness of their many uses, estimating sun irradiance is a crucial first step. This study examined three approaches (ANN, GA-ANN, and ANFIS) for estimating daily global solar radiation (GSR) in the south of Algeria: Adrar, Ouargla, and Bechar. The proposed hybrid GA-ANN model, based on genetic algorithm-based optimization, was developed to improve the ANN model. The GA-ANN and ANFIS models performed better than the standalone ANN-based model, with GA-ANN being better suited for forecasting in all sites, and it performed the best with the best values in the testing phase of Coefficient of Determination (R = 0.9005), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE = 8.40%), and Relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE = 12.56%). Nevertheless, the ANFIS model outperformed the GA-ANN model in forecasting daily GSR, with the best values of indicators when testing the model being R = 0.9374, MAPE = 7.78%, and rRMSE = 10.54%. Generally, we may conclude that the initial ANN stand-alone model performance when forecasting solar radiation has been improved, and the results obtained after injecting the genetic algorithm into the ANN to optimize its weights were satisfactory. The model can be used to forecast daily GSR in dry climates and other climates and may also be helpful in selecting solar energy system installations and sizes.