Targeting Inflammation in Coronary Artery

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a key contributor to ischemic heart disease, resulting in significant cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in managing conventional risk factors, including the utilization of statins, recurrent adverse cardiovascular events remain prevalent, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This review explores the critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and highlights potential atheroprotective approaches targeting inflammatory pathways. We discuss the multifaceted interplay between immune responses and AS, detailing the contributions of myeloid cells, T lymphocytes, and various cytokines in plaque formation and instability. Recent research suggests that inflammatory biomarkers, particularly high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serve as valuable predictors for CV events. Innovative therapies, including interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 inhibitors, colchicine, and statins, exhibit promise in mitigating inflammation-associated cardiovascular risks. Furthermore, emerging agents such as sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and natural compounds like Brazilian green propolis may enhance treatment outcomes. This review aims to highlight the central role of inflammation in CAD management and to outline future research directions focused on novel anti-inflammatory therapies that may improve clinical outcomes in patients at risk for cardiovascular events.