Research progress of causes contributing to phyllody in plants

The flower is one of the important ornamental organs of garden plants. The phenomenon of phyllody will lead to the partial or total transformation of flower organs into leaf-like structures, thus having high ornamental and research value. In order to explore the main causes and regulatory mechanisms of phyllody formation, this paper comprehensively analyzes the research progress at home and abroad and finds that the phenomenon of phyllody is mainly influenced by factors such as gene regulation, plant pathogens and external environment. The flower development process is closely related to the five types of genes （A, B, C, D and E） in the floral organ development model. This article focuses on reviewing the intrinsic molecular mechanism of the formation of phyllody. It is speculated that pathogens may induce organ alienation by inducing protein changes in plants. Environmental factors such as temperature and hormones may affect gene expression patterns through epigenetic modification, and form organs with leaf-like structures through multi-gene synergistic regulation. The study on the causes of phyllody is helpful to further analyze the process of flower development, so as to provide theoretical basis for the directional regulation of plant flower development and its molecular breeding.