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Open Access

Blockchain Enabled Metaverse: Development and Applications

School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Department of Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona 37179, Sweden
Information Engineering College, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
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Abstract

The metaverse has gradually come into the public eye and has become a hotspot in cyberspace, but it still faces many technical difficulties to be solved. Blockchain is a key component of the metaverse, enhancing the development of the metaverse by connecting the real and virtual worlds seamlessly and solving some of the difficulties faced by the metaverse. Our paper comprehensively studies the development and application of blockchain technology in the metaverse. First, there is an introduction to blockchain and the metaverse, followed by a discussion of why blockchain should be integrated into the metaverse. Second, an overview of the main blockchain technologies is provided to evaluate blockchain’s role in the metaverse and the value is summarized. Third, the development of future integration of blockchain and metaverse is presented from the perspective of social life and technology. For social life, how to use blockchain in the metaverse to enhance and improve social life is discussed. Then, from the technical perspective, it discusses how blockchain shapes the metaverse. Finally, challenges associated with the integration of blockchain into metaverses are analyzed and some promising research directions and solutions are proposed.

Keywords

metaverseblockchainsmart contractdistributed networkdecentralization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology
Volume 30 Issue 4,
August 2025
Pages 1552-1582
DOI: 10.26599/TST.2024.9010054
Cite this article:
Meng H, Ding J, Wang H, et al. Blockchain Enabled Metaverse: Development and Applications. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2025, 30(4): 1552-1582. https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2024.9010054

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Received: 06 November 2023
Revised: 11 March 2024
Accepted: 12 March 2024
Published: 03 March 2025
© The Author(s) 2025.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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