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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020, 25(3): 401-414 https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2019.9010006
Open Access | Issue | Published: 07 October 2019

5Ws of Green and Sustainable Software

Show Author's Information Coral Calero,  Javier Mancebo( ),  Félix García,  María Ángeles Moraga,  José Alberto García Berná,  José Luis Fernández-Alemán,  Ambrosio Toval
Institute of Technology and Information Systems, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
Department of Informatics and Systems, University of Murcia, Murcia 30003, Spain.
Keywords:
Energy Efficiency, Software Engineering, Green Software, Sustainable Software, Software Sustainability, Energy Utilization
Cite this article:
Calero C, Mancebo J, García F, et al. 5Ws of Green and Sustainable Software. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2020, 25(3): 401-414. https://doi.org/10.26599/TST.2019.9010006
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Abstract Full text About this article

Green and Sustainable Software has emerged as a new and highly active area in the software community. After several years of research and work, we believe that it is now necessary to obtain a general snapshot of how the research in this area is evolving. To do so, we have applied the 5Ws (why, when, who, where, and what), a formula for getting the complete story on a subject. We have therefore carried out a study, using 542 publications related to Green and Sustainable Software research; these were recovered using SCOPUS. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is important to identify key elements of the research to allow researchers be fully aware of the state of the research on Green and Sustainable Software (why); the study uses papers published between 2000 and the beginning of November 2018 (when); the most prolific authors are mainly from Europe, although the USA is the most active country, Green and Sustainable Software being a very interactive area with a good number of multinational publications (who); the top five keywords related to sustainable aspects are Green Software, Green IT, Software Sustainability, Energy Consumption, and Energy Efficiency (what); finally, as regards the places authors prefer to publish in, there is almost a complete balance between conferences and journals, with a trend towards an increase in the number of publications (where).


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5Ws of Green and Sustainable Software

Show Author's information Coral Calero, Javier Mancebo( ), Félix García, María Ángeles Moraga, José Alberto García Berná, José Luis Fernández-Alemán, Ambrosio Toval
Institute of Technology and Information Systems, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
Department of Informatics and Systems, University of Murcia, Murcia 30003, Spain.

Abstract

Green and Sustainable Software has emerged as a new and highly active area in the software community. After several years of research and work, we believe that it is now necessary to obtain a general snapshot of how the research in this area is evolving. To do so, we have applied the 5Ws (why, when, who, where, and what), a formula for getting the complete story on a subject. We have therefore carried out a study, using 542 publications related to Green and Sustainable Software research; these were recovered using SCOPUS. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is important to identify key elements of the research to allow researchers be fully aware of the state of the research on Green and Sustainable Software (why); the study uses papers published between 2000 and the beginning of November 2018 (when); the most prolific authors are mainly from Europe, although the USA is the most active country, Green and Sustainable Software being a very interactive area with a good number of multinational publications (who); the top five keywords related to sustainable aspects are Green Software, Green IT, Software Sustainability, Energy Consumption, and Energy Efficiency (what); finally, as regards the places authors prefer to publish in, there is almost a complete balance between conferences and journals, with a trend towards an increase in the number of publications (where).

Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Software Engineering, Green Software, Sustainable Software, Software Sustainability, Energy Utilization

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Publication history

Received: 03 December 2018
Revised: 29 January 2019
Accepted: 11 March 2019
Published: 07 October 2019
Issue date: June 2020

Copyright

© The author(s) 2020

Acknowledgements

This work was part of the BIZDEVOPS-Global (No. RTI2018-098309-B-C31), supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and European FEDER funds, and was also part of the SOS project (No. SBPLY/17/180501/000364), funded by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports of the Directorate General of Universities, Research and Innovation of the JCCM (Regional Government of the Autonomous Region of Castilla-La Mancha).

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