Atomically precise AgCu nanoclusters as efficient electrocatalysts: From CO₂ reduction, nitrate reduction, to C–N bond construction

The advent of atomically precise metal nanoclusters has effectively bridged the gap between single atom and conventional nanoparticle catalysts. Such metal nanoclusters have been widely applied as highly efficient electrocatalysts, offering an ideal platform in which all atoms, from metal core to surface ligands, are clearly resolved, enabling the probing of catalytic mechanisms at the atomic level. Bimetallic nanoclusters usually display better catalytic performance compared to the monometallic counterparts thanks to the synergistic catalytic effect. Among them, AgCu nanoclusters (NCs) have stood out as promising model catalysts due to their relatively lower costs (compared to Au, Pt and Pd), enriched structure diversity and wide spectrum of catalytic applications. These attributes render them not only as exemplary model catalysts for fundamental research but also as highly promising electrocatalysts for complex reactions that can generate highly valuable chemicals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the structural anatomy and electrocatalytic applications of atomically precise AgCu NCs. It begins with an examination of structurally defined archetypes, and then delves into their exemplary performance in key electrocatalytic processes, including CO₂ reduction, nitrate reduction, and C–N bond construction, with a focus on the unique role of bimetallic synergy in enhancing activity, selectivity, and stability (Scheme 1). The review also outlines pathways for the rational design of next–generation AgCu NCs–based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy development and the electrosynthesis of valuable chemicals.