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Research Article | Open Access

C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation of pyrrolidine by [W10O32]4−/copper synergetic photocatalysis: Theoretical investigation of reactivity and regioselectivity

Yu-Jiao Dong1,3, Zhong-Min Su2,3( ), Wei Guan1 ( )
Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
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Abstract

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are known for their well-established catalytic properties, particularly in photocatalysis, and have made significant strides in achieving selective C(sp3)−H functionalization. However, due to the complexity of the POM structures, the reactivity and regioselectivity of POMs in organic conversions remain unclear. Here, the reactivity and regioselectivity of the C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation of pyrrolidine via decatungstate anion/copper ([W10O32]4−/Cu) dual catalysis were theoretically investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) computations revealed that the β-regioselective activation of pyrrolidine occurs more readily than does α-regioselective activation; this is due to the reduction in activity of the ortho α-C–H bond by protonation. Furthermore, the reactivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts for C(sp3)–H bond activation follows the order [W10O32]4− > amine radical cation > fluorescein. The outstanding reactivity of [W10O32]4− is attributable to its rigid structure and exposed active surface sites. We demonstrate a linear relationship between the steric volume of the protective group on pyrrolidine and the C–H bond selectivity catalyzed by [W10O32]4−. In other words, a larger steric volume of the protective group on pyrrolidine leads to easier attainment of a single Cβ–H bond activation product. We hope that this theoretical analysis will provide valuable guidance for obtaining high selectivity target products in experimental setups.

Keywords

photocatalysisdensity functional theory (DFT)regioselectivity[W10O32]4−C–H bond activation

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Polyoxometalates
Volume 3 Issue 4,
December 2024
Article number: 9140068
DOI: 10.26599/POM.2024.9140068
Cite this article:
Dong Y-J, Su Z-M, Guan W. C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation of pyrrolidine by [W10O32]4−/copper synergetic photocatalysis: Theoretical investigation of reactivity and regioselectivity. Polyoxometalates, 2024, 3(4): 9140068. https://doi.org/10.26599/POM.2024.9140068

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Received: 07 April 2024
Revised: 30 April 2024
Accepted: 13 May 2024
Published: 05 June 2024
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

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