DATA PROCESSING AND UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING

Data processing and uncertainty evaluation in experiments constitute a critical component of university physics experiment education for cultivating students' scientific literacy and practical skills. This topic is also one of the most challenging aspects in university physics experimental teaching. This paper concisely introduces fundamental concepts of measurement errors, their classification, and rules for using significant figures. It further covers three common statistical distributions in error analysis and their confidence levels. The study elaborates on measurement uncertainty evaluation methods based on China's National Standard GB/T 27418-2017, including: Principles for evaluating Type A and Type B standard uncertainty components; Calculation procedures for combined standard uncertainty; Uncertainty propagation formulas for indirect measurements; and Application scenarios of the t-distribution and expanded uncertainty.