Ross, M. B.; De Luna, P.; Li, Y. F.; Dinh, C. T.; Kim, D.; Yang, P. D.; Sargent, E. H. Designing materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 648–658.

Yang, H. Q.; Xu, Z. H.; Fan, M. H.; Gupta, R.; Slimane, R. B.; Bland, A. E.; Wright, I. Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: A review. J. Environ. Sci. 2008, 20, 14–27.

Solomon, S.; Plattner, G. K.; Knutti, R.; Friedlingstein, P. Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106, 1704–1709.

Schiermeier, Q. Increased flood risk linked to global warming. Nature 2011, 470, 316–316.

Mallapaty, S. How China could be carbon neutral by mid-century. Nature 2020, 586, 482–483.

Liu, A. M.; Gao, M. F.; Ren, X. F.; Meng, F. N.; Yang, Y. N.; Gao, L. G.; Yang, Q. Y.; Ma, T. L. Current progress in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to fuels on heterogeneous catalysts. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 3541–3562.

Cuéllar-Franca, R. M.; Azapagic, A. Carbon capture, storage and utilisation technologies: A critical analysis and comparison of their life cycle environmental impacts. J. CO₂ Util. 2015, 9, 82–102.

Aresta, M.; Dibenedetto, A.; Angelini, A. Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: From CO₂ to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO₂. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 1709–1742.

Li, X.; Shi, H.; Gu, Y. H.; Cheng, Q. Y.; Wang, Y. J. Cobalt element effect of ternary mesoporous cerium lanthanum solid solution for the catalytic conversion of methanol and CO₂ into dimethyl carbonate. Molecules 2022, 27, 270.

Hedrick, J. L.; Piunova, V.; Park, N. H.; Erdmann, T.; Arrechea, P. L. Simple and efficient synthesis of functionalized cyclic carbonate monomers using carbon dioxide. ACS Macro Lett. 2022, 11, 368–375.

Xiang, K. S.; Shen, F. H.; Fu, Y. X.; Wu, L.; Wang, Z. J.; Yi, H. M.; Liu, X. D.; Wang, P. S.; Liu, M.; Lin, Z. et al. Boosting CO₂ electroreduction towards C₂₊ products via CO* intermediate manipulation on copper-based catalysts. Environ. Sci. Nano 2022, 9, 911–953.

She, X. J.; Wang, Y. F.; Xu, H.; Chi Edman Tsang, S.; Ping Lau, S. Challenges and opportunities in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to chemicals and fuels. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202211396.

Graciani, J.; Mudiyanselage, K.; Xu, F.; Baber, A. E.; Evans, J.; Senanayake, S. D.; Stacchiola, D. J.; Liu, P.; Hrbek, J.; Sanz, J. F. et al. Highly active copper-ceria and copper-ceria-titania catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO₂. Science 2014, 345, 546–550.

Li, C. M.; Yuan, X. D.; Fujimoto, K. Direct synthesis of LPG from carbon dioxide over hybrid catalysts comprising modified methanol synthesis catalyst and β-type zeolite. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 2014, 475, 155–160.

Hu, X. S.; Liu, X. Y.; Hu, X.; Zhao, C. Y.; Guan, Q. X.; Li, W. Hybrid catalyst coupling Zn single atoms and CuN _x clusters for synergetic catalytic reduction of CO₂. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2214215.

Wang, X. C.; Maeda, K.; Thomas, A.; Takanabe, K.; Xin, G.; Carlsson, J. M.; Domen, K.; Antonietti, M. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 76–80.

Huang, Q.; Yu, J. G.; Cao, S. W.; Cui, C.; Cheng, B. Efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ by amine-functionalized g-C₃N₄. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 358, 350–355.

Huang, Y.; Wang, Y. J.; Bi, Y. Q.; Jin, J. R.; Ehsan, M. F.; Fu, M.; He, T. Preparation of 2D hydroxyl-rich carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 33254–33261.

An, B.; Li, Z.; Song, Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zeng, L. Z.; Wang, C.; Lin, W. B. Cooperative copper centres in a metal-organic framework for selective conversion of CO₂ to ethanol. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 709–717.

Arán-Ais, R. M.; Scholten, F.; Kunze, S.; Rizo, R.; Roldan Cuenya, B. The role of in-situ generated morphological motifs and Cu(I) species in C₂₊ product selectivity during CO₂ pulsed electroreduction. Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 317–325.

Bienen, F.; Kopljar, D.; Geiger, S.; Wagner, N.; Friedrich, K. A. Investigation of CO₂ electrolysis on tin foil by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8, 5192–5199.

Nitopi, S.; Bertheussen, E.; Scott, S. B.; Liu, X. Y.; Engstfeld, A. K.; Horch, S.; Seger, B.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Chan, K.; Hahn, C. et al. Progress and perspectives of electrochemical CO₂ reduction on copper in aqueous electrolyte. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 7610–7672.

Shen, M.; Zhang, L. X.; Shi, J. L. Converting CO₂ into fuels by graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts. Nanotechnology 2018, 29, 412001.

Shen, M.; Zhang, L. X.; Wang, M.; Tian, J. J.; Jin, X. X.; Guo, L. M.; Wang, L. Z.; Shi, J. L. Carbon-vacancy modified graphitic carbon nitride: Enhanced CO₂ photocatalytic reduction performance and mechanism probing. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 1556–1563.

Wang, X. D.; Huang, Y. H.; Liao, J. F.; Jiang, Y.; Zhou, L.; Zhang, X. Y.; Chen, H. Y.; Kuang, D. B. In-situ construction of a Cs₂SnI₆ perovskite nanocrystal/SnS₂ nanosheet heterojunction with boosted interfacial charge transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 13434–13441.

Hou, M.; Shi, Y. X.; Li, J. J.; Gao, Z. Q.; Zhang, Z. C. Cu-based organic-inorganic composite materials for electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Chem. Asian J. 2022, 17, e202200624.

Sun, Z. Y.; Ma, T.; Tao, H. C.; Fan, Q.; Han, B. X. Fundamentals and challenges of electrochemical CO₂ reduction using two-dimensional materials. Chem 2017, 3, 560–587.

Gattrell, M.; Gupta, N.; Co, A. A review of the aqueous electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to hydrocarbons at copper. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2006, 594, 1–19.

Durst, J.; Siebel, A.; Simon, C.; Hasché, F.; Herranz, J.; Gasteiger, H. A. New insights into the electrochemical hydrogen oxidation and evolution reaction mechanism. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2255–2260.

Kortlever, R.; Shen, J.; Schouten, K. J. P.; Calle-Vallejo, F.; Koper, M. T. M. Catalysts and reaction pathways for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 4073–4082.

Li, K.; Peng, B. S.; Peng, T. Y. Recent advances in heterogeneous photocatalytic CO₂ conversion to solar fuels. ACS Catal. 2016, 6, 7485–7527.

Ren, W. H.; Tan, X.; Qu, J. T.; Li, S. S.; Li, J. T.; Liu, X.; Ringer, S. P.; Cairney, J. M.; Wang, K. X.; Smith, S. C. et al. Isolated copper-tin atomic interfaces tuning electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 1449.

Cao, X. Y.; Zhao, L. L.; Wulan, B.; Tan, D. X.; Chen, Q. W.; Ma, J. Z.; Zhang, J. T. Atomic bridging structure of nickel-nitrogen-carbon for highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202113918.

Duan, Y. X.; Zhou, Y. T.; Yu, Z.; Liu, D. X.; Wen, Z.; Yan, J. M.; Jiang, Q. Boosting production of HCOOH from CO₂ electroreduction via Bi/CeO _x . Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 8798–8802.

Yang, J.; Wang, X. L.; Qu, Y. T.; Wang, X.; Huo, H.; Fan, Q. K.; Wang, J.; Yang, L. M.; Wu, Y. E. Bi-based metal-organic framework derived leafy bismuth nanosheets for carbon dioxide electroreduction. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2001709.

Ye, K.; Zhou, Z. W.; Shao, J. Q.; Lin, L.; Gao, D. F.; Ta, N.; Si, R.; Wang, G. X.; Bao, X. H. In-situ reconstruction of a hierarchical Sn-Cu/SnO _x core/shell catalyst for high-performance CO₂ electroreduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 4814–4821.

Zheng, X. L.; Ji, Y. F.; Tang, J.; Wang, J. Y.; Liu, B. F.; Steinrück, H. G.; Lim, K.; Li, Y. Z.; Toney, M. F.; Chan, K. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Theory-guided Sn/Cu alloying for efficient CO₂ electroreduction at low overpotentials. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 55–61.

Wang, X.; Li, F. L.; Yin, W. J.; Si, Y. B.; Miao, M.; Wang, X. M.; Fu, Y. Z. Atomically dispersed Sn modified with trace sulfur species derived from organosulfide complex for electroreduction of CO₂. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2022, 304, 120936.

Jiang, B.; Zhang, X. G.; Jiang, K.; Wu, D. Y.; Cai, W. B. Boosting formate production in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction over wide potential window on Pd surfaces. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 2880–2889.

Bonin, J.; Maurin, A.; Robert, M. Molecular catalysis of the electrochemical and photochemical reduction of CO₂ with Fe and Co metal based complexes. Recent advances. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2017, 334, 184–198.

Woldu, A. R.; Huang, Z. L.; Zhao, P. X.; Hu, L. S.; Astruc, D. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) to multi-carbon products over copper-based catalysts. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2022, 454, 214340.

Zeng, M.; Liu, Y.; Hu, Y. M.; Zhang, X. Y. High-efficient CO₂ electrocatalysis over nanoporous Au film enabled by a combined pore engineering and ionic liquid-mediated approach. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 425, 131663.

Abeyweera, S. C.; Yu, J.; Perdew, J. P.; Yan, Q. M.; Sun, Y. G. Hierarchically 3D porous Ag nanostructures derived from silver benzenethiolate nanoboxes: Enabling CO₂ reduction with a near-unity selectivity and mass-specific current density over 500 A/g. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 2806–2811.

Vasileff, A.; Zhi, X.; Xu, C. C.; Ge, L.; Jiao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. Selectivity control for electrochemical CO₂ reduction by charge redistribution on the surface of copper alloys. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 9411–9417.

Li, Y. C.; Wang, Z. Y.; Yuan, T. G.; Nam, D. H.; Luo, M. C.; Wicks, J.; Chen, B.; Li, J.; Li, F. W. ; de Arquer, F. P. G. et al. Binding site diversity promotes CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 8584–8591.

Bagger, A.; Ju, W.; Varela, A. S.; Strasser, P.; Rossmeisl, J. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction: A classification problem. ChemPhysChem 2017, 18, 3266–3273.

Bagger, A.; Ju, W.; Varela, A. S.; Strasser, P.; Rossmeisl, J. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction: Classifying Cu facets. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 7894–7899.

Rendón-Calle, A.; Builes, S.; Calle-Vallejo, F. A brief review of the computational modeling of CO₂ electroreduction on Cu electrodes. Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 2018, 9, 158–165.

Li, J.; Ozden, A.; Wan, M. Y.; Hu, Y. F.; Li, F. W.; Wang, Y. H.; Zamani, R. R.; Ren, D.; Wang, Z. Y.; Xu, Y. et al. Silica-copper catalyst interfaces enable carbon-carbon coupling towards ethylene electrosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2808.

Hori, Y.; Takahashi, I.; Koga, O.; Hoshi, N. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 2003, 199, 39–47.

Choi, C.; Kwon, S.; Cheng, T.; Xu, M. J.; Tieu, P.; Lee, C.; Cai, J.; Lee, H. M.; Pan, X. Q.; Duan, X. F. et al. Highly active and stable stepped Cu surface for enhanced electrochemical CO₂ reduction to C₂H₄. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 804–812.

Ishimaru, S.; Shiratsuchi, R.; Nogami, G. Pulsed electroreduction of CO₂ on Cu-Ag alloy electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000, 147, 1864.

Rüscher, M.; Herzog, A.; Timoshenko, J.; Jeon, H. S.; Frandsen, W.; Kühl, S.; Roldan Cuenya, B. Tracking heterogeneous structural motifs and the redox behaviour of copper-zinc nanocatalysts for the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction using operando time resolved spectroscopy and machine learning. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2022, 12, 3028–3043.

Vasileff, A.; Xu, C. C.; Jiao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. Surface and interface engineering in copper-based bimetallic materials for selective CO₂ electroreduction. Chem 2018, 4, 1809–1831.

Mandal, L.; Yang, K. R.; Motapothula, M. R.; Ren, D.; Lobaccaro, P.; Patra, A.; Sherburne, M.; Batista, V. S.; Yeo, B. S.; Ager, J. W. et al. Investigating the role of copper oxide in electrochemical CO₂ reduction in real time. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 8574–8584.

De Luna, P.; Quintero-Bermudez, R.; Dinh, C. T.; Ross, M. B.; Bushuyev, O. S.; Todorović, P.; Regier, T.; Kelley, S. O.; Yang, P. D.; Sargent, E. H. Catalyst electro-redeposition controls morphology and oxidation state for selective carbon dioxide reduction. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1, 103–110.

Xiao, H.; Goddard III, W. A.; Cheng, T.; Liu, Y. Y. Cu metal embedded in oxidized matrix catalyst to promote CO₂ activation and CO dimerization for electrochemical reduction of CO₂. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, 6685–6688.

Liu, Y. Y.; Zhu, H. L.; Zhao, Z. H.; Huang, N. Y.; Liao, P. Q.; Chen, X. M. Insight into the effect of the d-orbital energy of copper ions in metal-organic frameworks on the selectivity of electroreduction of CO₂ to CH₄. ACS Catal. 2022, 12, 2749–2755.

Senthil Kumar, R.; Senthil Kumar, S.; Anbu Kulandainathan, M. Highly selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using Cu based metal organic framework as an electrocatalyst. Electrochem. Commun. 2012, 25, 70–73.

Lim, D. H.; Jo, J. H.; Shin, D. Y.; Wilcox, J.; Ham, H. C.; Nam, S. W. Carbon dioxide conversion into hydrocarbon fuels on defective graphene-supported Cu nanoparticles from first principles. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 5087–5092.

Hori, Y.; Murata, A.; Takahashi, R. Formation of hydrocarbons in the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode in aqueous solution. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 1989, 85, 2309–2326.

Ren, D.; Ang, B. S. H.; Yeo, B. S. Tuning the selectivity of carbon dioxide electroreduction toward ethanol on oxide-derived Cu _x Zn catalysts. ACS Catal. 2016, 6, 8239–8247.

Lee, J. C.; Kim, J. Y.; Joo, W. H.; Hong, D.; Oh, S. H.; Kim, B.; Lee, G. D.; Kim, M.; Oh, J.; Joo, Y. C. Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 11632–11641.

Wang, J.; Zhang, Y. M.; Ma, Y. B.; Yin, J. W.; Wang, Y. H.; Fan, Z. X. Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to high-value multicarbon products with metal-organic frameworks and their derived materials. ACS Mater. Lett. 2022, 4, 2058–2079.

Yang, Y. S.; Tan, Z. H.; Zhang, J. L. Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene over copper-based catalytic systems. Chem. Asian J. 2022, 17, e202200893.

Yang, T. H.; Kuang, M.; Yang, J. P. Tandem engineering for CO₂ electrolysis toward multicarbon products. Nano Res. 2023, 16, 8670–8683.

Jaster, T.; Gawel, A.; Siegmund, D.; Holzmann, J.; Lohmann, H.; Klemm, E.; Apfel, U. P. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction toward multicarbon alcohols-the microscopic world of catalysts & process conditions. iScience 2022, 25, 104010.

Pan, F. P.; Yang, X. X.; O'Carroll, T.; Li, H. Y.; Chen, K. J.; Wu, G. Carbon catalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction toward multicarbon products. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2200586.

Liang, H. Q.; Beweries, T.; Francke, R.; Beller, M. Molecular catalysts for the reductive homocoupling of CO₂ towards C₂₊ compounds. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202200723.

Ma, S. C.; Sadakiyo, M.; Heima, M.; Luo, R.; Haasch, R. T.; Gold, J. I.; Yamauchi, M.; Kenis, P. J. A. Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons using bimetallic Cu-Pd catalysts with different mixing patterns. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 47–50.

Wang, H. B.; Zhang, H.; Huang, Y.; Wang, H. Y.; Ozden, A.; Yao, K. L.; Li, H. M.; Guo, Q. Y.; Liu, Y. C.; Vomiero, A. et al. Strain in copper/ceria heterostructure promotes electrosynthesis of multicarbon products. ACS Nano 2023, 17, 346–354.

Mangione, G.; Huang, J. F.; Buonsanti, R.; Corminboeuf, C. Dual-facet mechanism in copper nanocubes for electrochemical CO₂ reduction into ethylene. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 4259–4265.

Li, F. W.; Li, Y. C.; Wang, Z. Y.; Li, J.; Nam, D. H.; Lum, Y.; Luo, M. C.; Wang, X.; Ozden, A.; Hung, S. F. et al. Cooperative CO₂-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule-metal catalyst interfaces. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 75–82.

Xu, H. P.; Rebollar, D.; He, H. Y.; Chong, L. N.; Liu, Y. Z.; Liu, C.; Sun, C. J.; Li, T.; Muntean, J. V.; Winans, R. E. et al. Highly selective electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to ethanol by metallic clusters dynamically formed from atomically dispersed copper. Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 623–632.

Wang, G. X.; Chen, J. X.; Ding, Y. C.; Cai, P. W.; Yi, L. C.; Li, Y.; Tu, C. Y.; Hou, Y.; Wen, Z. H.; Dai, L. M. Electrocatalysis for CO₂ conversion: From fundamentals to value-added products. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 4993–5061.

Yang, H. P.; Lin, Q.; Zhang, C.; Yu, X. Y.; Cheng, Z.; Li, G. D.; Hu, Q.; Ren, X. Z.; Zhang, Q. L.; Liu, J. H. et al. Carbon dioxide electroreduction on single-atom nickel decorated carbon membranes with industry compatible current densities. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 593.

Cui, H. J.; Guo, Y. B.; Guo, L. M.; Wang, L.; Zhou, Z.; Peng, Z. Q. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials and their composites as electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 18782–18793.

Quan, W. W.; Lin, Y. B.; Luo, Y. J.; Huang, Y. Y. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction on Cu: Synthesis-controlled structure preference and selectivity. Adv. Sci. 2021, 8, 2101597.

Fan, Q.; Zhang, M. L.; Jia, M. W.; Liu, S. Z.; Qiu, J. S.; Sun, Z. Y. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction to C₂₊ species: Heterogeneous electrocatalysts, reaction pathways, and optimization strategies. Mater. Today Energy 2018, 10, 280–301.

Zheng, Y.; Vasileff, A.; Zhou, X. L.; Jiao, Y.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Understanding the roadmap for electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to multi-carbon oxygenates and hydrocarbons on copper-based catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 7646–7659.

Garza, A. J.; Bell, A. T.; Head-Gordon, M. Mechanism of CO₂ reduction at copper surfaces: Pathways to C₂ products. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 1490–1499.

Jiang, K.; Sandberg, R. B.; Akey, A. J.; Liu, X. Y.; Bell, D. C.; Nørskov, J. K.; Chan, K.; Wang, H. T. Metal ion cycling of Cu foil for selective C-C coupling in electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1, 111–119.

Li, C. W.; Ciston, J.; Kanan, M. W. Electroreduction of carbon monoxide to liquid fuel on oxide-derived nanocrystalline copper. Nature 2014, 508, 504–507.

Calle-Vallejo, F.; Koper, M. T. M. Theoretical considerations on the electroreduction of CO to C₂ species on Cu(100) electrodes. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7282–7285.

Pérez-Gallent, E.; Figueiredo, M. C.; Calle-Vallejo, F.; Koper, M. T. M. Spectroscopic observation of a hydrogenated CO dimer intermediate during CO reduction on Cu(100) electrodes. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 3621–3624.

Xiong, L. K.; Zhang, X.; Yuan, H.; Wang, J.; Yuan, X. Z.; Lian, Y. B.; Jin, H. D.; Sun, H.; Deng, Z.; Wang, D. et al. Breaking the linear scaling relationship by compositional and structural crafting of ternary Cu-Au/Ag nanoframes for electrocatalytic ethylene production. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 2508–2518.

Ma, M.; Djanashvili, K.; Smith, W. A. Controllable hydrocarbon formation from the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ over Cu nanowire Arrays. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 6680–6684.

Montoya, J. H.; Shi, C.; Chan, K.; Nørskov, J. K. Theoretical insights into a CO dimerization mechanism in CO₂ electroreduction. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 2032–2037.

Ou, L. H.; Chen, Y. D.; Jin, J. L. The origin of CO₂ electroreduction into C₁ and C₂ species: Mechanistic understanding on the product selectivity of Cu single-crystal faces. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2018, 710, 175–179.

Li, F. W.; Thevenon, A.; Rosas-Hernández, A.; Wang, Z. Y.; Li, Y. L.; Gabardo, C. M.; Ozden, A.; Dinh, C. T.; Li, J.; Wang, Y. H. et al. Molecular tuning of CO₂-to-ethylene conversion. Nature 2020, 577, 509–513.

Katayama, Y.; Nattino, F.; Giordano, L.; Hwang, J.; Rao, R. R.; Andreussi, O.; Marzari, N.; Shao-Horn, Y. An in-situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy study of electrochemical CO₂ reduction: Selectivity dependence on surface C-bound and O-bound reaction intermediates. J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123, 5951–5963.

Xiao, H.; Cheng, T.; Goddard III, W. A.; Sundararaman, R. Mechanistic explanation of the pH dependence and onset potentials for hydrocarbon products from electrochemical reduction of CO on Cu (111). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 483–486.

Cheng, T.; Xiao, H.; Goddard III, W. A. Free-energy barriers and reaction mechanisms for the electrochemical reduction of CO on the Cu(100) surface, including multiple layers of explicit solvent at pH 0. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 4767–4773.

Goodpaster, J. D.; Bell, A. T.; Head-Gordon, M. Identification of possible pathways for C-C bond formation during electrochemical reduction of CO₂: New theoretical insights from an improved electrochemical model. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 1471–1477.

Cheng, T.; Xiao, H.; Goddard III, W. A. Full atomistic reaction mechanism with kinetics for CO reduction on Cu(100) from ab initio molecular dynamics free-energy calculations at 298 K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, 1795–1800.

Xie, Y.; Ou, P. F.; Wang, X.; Xu, Z. Y.; Li, Y. C.; Wang, Z. Y.; Huang, J. E.; Wicks, J.; McCallum, C.; Wang, N. et al. High carbon utilization in CO₂ reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nat. Catal. 2022, 5, 564–570.

Cao, Y. F.; Chen, Z.; Li, P. H.; Ozden, A.; Ou, P. F.; Ni, W. Y.; Abed, J.; Shirzadi, E.; Zhang, J. Q.; Sinton, D. et al. Surface hydroxide promotes CO₂ electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 2387.

Ma, Z. S.; Yang, Z. L.; Lai, W. C.; Wang, Q. Y.; Qiao, Y.; Tao, H. L.; Lian, C.; Liu, M.; Ma, C.; Pan, A. et al. CO₂ electroreduction to multicarbon products in strongly acidic electrolyte via synergistically modulating the local microenvironment. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 7596.

Monteiro, M. C. O.; Dattila, F.; Hagedoorn, B.; García-Muelas, R.; López, N.; Koper, M. T. M. Absence of CO₂ electroreduction on copper, gold and silver electrodes without metal cations in solution. Nat. Catal. 2021, 4, 654–662.

Fan, M. Y.; Huang, J. E.; Miao, R. K.; Mao, Y.; Ou, P. F.; Li, F.; Li, X. Y.; Cao, Y. F.; Zhang, Z. S.; Zhang, J. Q. et al. Cationic-group-functionalized electrocatalysts enable stable acidic CO₂ electrolysis. Nat. Catal. 2023, 6, 763–772.

Zou, X. Y.; Gu, J. Strategies for efficient CO₂ electroreduction in acidic conditions. Chin. J. Catal. 2023, 52, 14–31.

Feaster, J. T.; Shi, C.; Cave, E. R.; Hatsukade, T.; Abram, D. N.; Kuhl, K. P.; Hahn, C.; Nørskov, J. K.; Jaramillo, T. F. Understanding selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and carbon monoxide on metal electrodes. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 4822–4827.

Chernyshova, I. V.; Somasundaran, P.; Ponnurangam, S. On the origin of the elusive first intermediate of CO₂ electroreduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018, 115, E9261–E9270.

Lum, Y.; Cheng, T.; Goddard III, W. A.; Ager, J. W. Electrochemical CO reduction builds solvent water into oxygenate products. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 9337–9340.

Tang, M. T.; Peng, H. J.; Stenlid, J. H.; Abild-Pedersen, F. Exploring trends on coupling mechanisms toward C₃ product formation in CO₍₂₎R. J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 26437–26447.

Long, C.; Liu, X. L.; Wan, K. W.; Jiang, Y. H.; An, P. F.; Yang, C. Y.; Wu, G. L.; Wang, W. Y.; Guo, J.; Li, L. et al. Regulating reconstruction of oxide-derived Cu for electrochemical CO₂ reduction toward n-propanol. Sci. Adv. 2023, 9, eadi6119.

Peng, C.; Luo, G.; Zhang, J. B.; Chen, M. H.; Wang, Z. Q.; Sham, T. K.; Zhang, L. J.; Li, Y. F.; Zheng, G. F. Double sulfur vacancies by lithium tuning enhance CO₂ electroreduction to n-propanol. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 1580.

Gao, J.; Bahmanpour, A.; Kröcher, O.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Ren, D.; Grätzel, M. Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat. Chem. 2023, 15, 705–713.

Phong Duong, H.; Rivera de la Cruz, J. G.; Tran, N. H.; Louis, J.; Zanna, S.; Portehault, D.; Zitolo, A.; Walls, M.; Peron, D. V.; Schreiber, M. W. et al. Silver and copper nitride cooperate for CO electroreduction to propanol. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202310788.

Gawande, M. B.; Goswami, A.; Felpin, F. X.; Asefa, T.; Huang, X. X.; Silva, R.; Zou, X. X.; Zboril, R.; Varma, R. S. Cu and Cu-based nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications in catalysis. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 3722–3811.

Tan, D. X.; Wulan, B.; Cao, X. Y.; Zhang, J. T. Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 2021, 89, 106460.

Kim, J.; Choi, W.; Park, J. W.; Kim, C.; Kim, M.; Song, H. Branched copper oxide nanoparticles induce highly selective ethylene production by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 6986–6994.

Ning, H.; Mao, Q. H.; Wang, W. H.; Yang, Z. X.; Wang, X. S.; Zhao, Q. S.; Song, Y.; Wu, M. B. N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu₂O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO₂ electroreduction to C₂H₄. J. Alloys Comps. 2019, 785, 7–12.

Ning, H.; Wang, X. S.; Wang, W. H.; Mao, Q. H.; Yang, Z. X.; Zhao, Q. S.; Song, Y.; Wu, M. B. Cubic Cu₂O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₂H₄. Carbon 2019, 146, 218–223.

Yang, H. J.; Yang, H.; Hong, Y. H.; Zhang, P. Y.; Wang, T.; Chen, L. N.; Zhang, F. Y.; Wu, Q. H.; Tian, N.; Zhou, Z. Y. et al. Promoting ethylene selectivity from CO₂ electroreduction on CuO supported onto CO₂ capture materials. ChemSusChem 2018, 11, 881–887.

Zhang, J. G.; Guo, Y. T.; Shang, B.; Fan, T. T.; Lian, X. Y.; Huang, P. P.; Dong, Y. Y.; Chen, Z.; Yi, X. D. Unveiling the synergistic effect between graphitic carbon nitride and Cu₂O toward CO₂ electroreduction to C₂H₄. ChemSusChem 2021, 14, 929–937.

Yan, Z. Y.; Wang, X. X.; Tan, Y.; Liu, A. H.; Luo, F. Q.; Zhang, M. R.; Zeng, L. X.; Zhang, Y. The in-situ growth of Cu₂O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂H₄. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2021, 11, 6742–6749.

Lin, W. W.; Chen, H.; Li, Z. H.; Sasaki, K.; Yao, S. Y.; Zhang, Z. H.; Li, J.; Fu, J. A Cu₂O-derived polymeric carbon nitride heterostructured catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. ChemSusChem 2021, 14, 3190–3197.

Yuan, X. T.; Chen, S.; Cheng, D. F.; Li, L. L.; Zhu, W. J.; Zhong, D. Z.; Zhao, Z. J.; Li, J. K.; Wang, T.; Gong, J. L. Controllable Cu⁰-Cu⁺ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 15344–15347.

Jung, H.; Lee, S. Y.; Lee, C. W.; Cho, M. K.; Won, D. H.; Kim, C.; Oh, H. S.; Min, B. K.; Hwang, Y. J. Electrochemical fragmentation of Cu₂O nanoparticles enhancing selective C-C coupling from CO₂ reduction reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 4624–4633.

Kim, J. Y.; Hong, D.; Lee, J. C.; Kim, H. G.; Lee, S.; Shin, S.; Kim, B.; Lee, H.; Kim, M.; Oh, J. et al. Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction toward C₂₊ products. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 3765.

Wen, C. F.; Zhou, M.; Liu, P. F.; Liu, Y. W.; Wu, X. F.; Mao, F. X.; Dai, S.; Xu, B. B.; Wang, X. L.; Jiang, Z. et al. Highly ethylene-selective electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction enabled by isolated Cu-S motifs in metal-organic framework based precatalysts. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202111700.

Ajmal, S.; Yang, Y.; Tahir, M. A.; Li, K. J.; Bacha, A. U. R.; Nabi, I.; Liu, Y. Y.; Wang, T.; Zhang, L. W. Boosting C2 products in electrochemical CO₂ reduction over highly dense copper nanoplates. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2020, 10, 4562–4570.

Zhang, J.; Liu, Z. P.; Guo, H. S.; Lin, H. R.; Wang, H.; Liang, X.; Hu, H. L.; Xia, Q. B.; Zou, X. X.; Huang, X. X. Selective, stable production of ethylene using a pulsed Cu-based electrode. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 19388–19396.

Zhang, Y.; Li, Y. M.; Tan, Q.; Hong, S.; Sun, Z. Y. Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to ethylene. J. Exp. Nanosci. 2021, 16, 246–254.

Sha, Y. F.; Zhang, J. L.; Cheng, X. Y.; Xu, M. Z.; Su, Z. Z.; Wang, Y. Y.; Hu, J. Y.; Han, B. X.; Zheng, L. R. Anchoring ionic liquid in copper electrocatalyst for improving CO₂ conversion to ethylene. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202200039.

Martić, N.; Reller, C.; Macauley, C.; Löffler, M.; Schmid, B.; Reinisch, D.; Volkova, E.; Maltenberger, A.; Rucki, A.; Mayrhofer, K. J. J. et al. Paramelaconite-enriched copper-based material as an efficient and robust catalyst for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901228.

Tan, D. X.; Zhang, J. L.; Yao, L.; Tan, X. N.; Cheng, X. Y.; Wan, Q.; Han, B. X.; Zheng, L. R.; Zhang, J. Multi-shelled CuO microboxes for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 768–774.

Wu, Y. H.; Chen, C. J.; Yan, X. P.; Liu, S. J.; Chu, M. G.; Wu, H. H.; Ma, J.; Han, B. X. Effect of the coordination environment of Cu in Cu₂O on the electroreduction of CO₂ to ethylene. Green Chem. 2020, 22, 6340–6344.

Gao, Y. G.; Wu, Q.; Liang, X. Z.; Wang, Z. Y.; Zheng, Z. K.; Wang, P.; Liu, Y. Y.; Dai, Y.; Whangbo, M. H.; Huang, B. B. Cu₂O Nanoparticles with both {100} and {111} facets for enhancing the selectivity and activity of CO₂ electroreduction to ethylene. Adv. Sci. 2020, 7, 1902820.

Gu, Z. X.; Yang, N.; Han, P.; Kuang, M.; Mei, B. B.; Jiang, Z.; Zhong, J.; Li, L.; Zheng, G. F. Oxygen vacancy tuning toward efficient electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₂H₄. Small Methods 2019, 3, 1800449.

Zhang, S. S.; Zhao, S. L.; Qu, D. X.; Liu, X. J.; Wu, Y. P.; Chen, Y. H.; Huang, W. Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ toward C₂ valuables on Cu@Ag core-shell tandem catalyst with tunable shell thickness. Small 2021, 17, 2102293.

Hou, L.; Han, J. Y.; Wang, C.; Zhang, Y. W.; Wang, Y. B.; Bai, Z. M.; Gu, Y. S.; Gao, Y.; Yan, X. Q. Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ towards ethylene. Inorg. Chem. Front. 2020, 7, 2097–2106.

Huang, J. F.; Mensi, M.; Oveisi, E.; Mantella, V.; Buonsanti, R. Structural sensitivities in bimetallic catalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction revealed by Ag-Cu nanodimers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 2490–2499.

Wang, Y. H.; Wang, Z. Y.; Dinh, C. T.; Li, J.; Ozden, A.; Golam Kibria, M.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Tan, C. S.; Gabardo, C. M.; Luo, M. C. et al. Catalyst synthesis under CO₂ electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nat. Catal. 2019, 3, 98–106.

Feng, R. T.; Zhu, Q. G.; Chu, M. E.; Jia, S. Q.; Zhai, J. X.; Wu, H. H.; Wu, P.; Han, B. X. Electrodeposited Cu-Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO₂ to ethylene. Green Chem. 2020, 22, 7560–7565.

Chen, Y.; Fan, Z. X.; Wang, J.; Ling, C. Y.; Niu, W. X.; Huang, Z. Q.; Liu, G. G.; Chen, B.; Lai, Z. C.; Liu, X. Z. et al. Ethylene selectivity in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction on Cu nanomaterials: A crystal phase-dependent study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 12760–12766.

Jia, S. Q.; Zhu, Q. G.; Wu, H. H.; Chu, M. E.; Han, S. T.; Feng, R. T.; Tu, J. H.; Zhai, J. X.; Han, B. X. Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper-antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chin. J. Catal. 2020, 41, 1091–1098.

Hoang, T. T. H.; Verma, S.; Ma, S. C.; Fister, T. T.; Timoshenko, J.; Frenkel, A. I.; Kenis, P. J. A.; Gewirth, A. A. Nanoporous copper-silver alloys by additive-controlled electrodeposition for the selective electroreduction of CO₂ to ethylene and ethanol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 5791–5797.

Yan, T. T.; Guo, J. H.; Liu, Z. Q.; Sun, W. Y. Metalloporphyrin encapsulation for enhanced conversion of CO₂ to C₂H₄. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 25937–25945.

Qiu, X. F.; Zhu, H. L.; Huang, J. R.; Liao, P. Q.; Chen, X. M. Highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to C₂H₄ using a metal-organic framework with dual active sites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 7242–7246.

Wang, J.; Cheng, C.; Huang, B. L.; Cao, J. L.; Li, L. G.; Shao, Q.; Zhang, L.; Huang, X. Q. Grain-boundary-engineered La₂CuO₄ perovskite nanobamboos for efficient CO₂ reduction reaction. Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 980–987.

Hori, Y.; Takahashi, I.; Koga, O.; Hoshi, N. Selective formation of C2 compounds from electrochemical reduction of CO₂ at a series of copper single crystal electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 15–17.

Zhu, C. Y.; Zhang, Z. B.; Zhong, L. X.; Hsu, C. S.; Xu, X. Z.; Li, Y. Z.; Zhao, S. W.; Chen, S. H.; Yu, J. Y.; Chen, S. L. et al. Product-specific active site motifs of Cu for electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Chem 2021, 7, 406–420.

Luo, H. Q.; Li, B.; Ma, J. G.; Cheng, P. Surface modification of nano-Cu₂O for controlling CO₂ electrochemical reduction to ethylene and syngas. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202116736.

Zhong, M.; Tran, K.; Min, Y. M.; Wang, C. H.; Wang, Z. Y.; Dinh, C. T.; De Luna, P.; Yu, Z. Q.; Rasouli, A. S.; Brodersen, P. et al. Accelerated discovery of CO₂ electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 2020, 581, 178–183.

Zhang, H. C.; Chang, X. X.; Chen, J. G.; Goddard III, W. A.; Xu, B.; Cheng, M. J.; Lu, Q. Computational and experimental demonstrations of one-pot tandem catalysis for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to methane. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3340.

Zhu, Y. T.; Gao, Z. Q.; Zhang, Z. C.; Lin, T.; Zhang, Q. H.; Liu, H. L.; Gu, L.; Hu, W. P. Selectivity regulation of CO₂ electroreduction on asymmetric AuAgCu tandem heterostructures. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 7861–7867.

Fu, X.; Zhang, J.; Kang, Y. Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ towards multi-carbon products via a two-step process. React. Chem. Eng. 2021, 6, 612–628.

Zhu, Y. T.; Cui, X. Y.; Liu, H. L.; Guo, Z. G.; Dang, Y. F.; Fan, Z. X.; Zhang, Z. C.; Hu, W. P. Tandem catalysis in electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction. Nano Res. 2021, 14, 4471–4486.

Jia, H. L.; Yang, Y. Y.; Chow, T. H.; Zhang, H.; Liu, X. Y.; Wang, J. F.; Zhang, C. Y. Symmetry-broken Au-Cu heterostructures and their tandem catalysis process in electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2101255.

Li, X. F.; Zhu, Q. L. MOF-based materials for photo- and electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction. EnergyChem 2020, 2, 100033.

Zheng, W. R.; Lee, L. Y. S. Metal-organic frameworks for electrocatalysis: Catalyst or precatalyst. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 2838–2843.

Nam, D. H.; Bushuyev, O. S.; Li, J.; De Luna, P.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Dinh, C. T.; García de Arquer, F. P.; Wang, Y. H.; Liang, Z. Q.; Proppe, A. H. et al. Metal-organic frameworks mediate Cu coordination for selective CO₂ electroreduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 11378–11386.

Guo, C.; Guo, Y.; Shi, Y.; Lan, X.; Wang, Y.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, B. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to ethanol at close to theoretical potential via engineering abundant electron-donating Cu( ^{δ +}) species. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202205909.

Shang, L. M.; Lv, X. M.; Zhong, L. X.; Li, S. Z.; Zheng, G. F. Efficient CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol by Cu₃Sn catalyst. Small Methods 2022, 6, 2101334.

Suen, N. T.; Kong, Z. R.; Hsu, C. S.; Chen, H. C.; Tung, C. W.; Lu, Y. R.; Dong, C. L.; Shen, C. C.; Chung, J. C.; Chen, H. M. Morphology manipulation of copper nanocrystals and product selectivity in the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 5217–5222.

Yang, C.; Shen, H. C.; Guan, A. X.; Liu, J. L.; Li, T. F.; Ji, Y. L.; Al-Enizi, A. M.; Zhang, L. J.; Qian, L. P.; Zheng, G. F. Fast cooling induced grain-boundary-rich copper oxide for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethanol. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2020, 570, 375–381.

Kim, J. Y.; Kim, G.; Won, H.; Gereige, I.; Jung, W. B.; Jung, H. T. Synergistic effect of Cu₂O mesh pattern on high-facet Cu surface for selective CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2106028.

Zhang, L. J.; Li, M.; Zhang, S. B.; Cao, X. R.; Bo, J. X.; Zhu, X. L.; Han, J. Y.; Ge, Q. F.; Wang, H. Promoting carbon dioxide electroreduction toward ethanol through loading Au nanoparticles on hollow Cu₂O nanospheres. Catal. Today 2021, 365, 348–356.

Yang, Q. C.; Liu, X. L.; Peng, W.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, Z. X.; Peng, M.; Lu, Y. R.; Chan, T. S.; Xu, X. D.; Tan, Y. W. Vanadium oxide integrated on hierarchically nanoporous copper for efficient electroreduction of CO₂ to ethanol. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 3044–3051.

Kim, C.; Cho, K. M.; Park, K.; Kim, J. Y.; Yun, G. T.; Toma, F. M.; Gereige, I.; Jung, H. T. Cu/Cu₂O interconnected porous aerogel catalyst for highly productive electrosynthesis of ethanol from CO₂. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2102142.

Wang, J. H.; Yang, H.; Liu, Q. Q.; Liu, Q.; Li, X. T.; Lv, X. Z.; Cheng, T.; Wu, H. B. Fastening Br^- ions at copper-molecule interface enables highly efficient electroreduction of CO₂ to ethanol. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 437–444.

Luo, M. C.; Wang, Z. Y.; Li, Y. G. C.; Li, J.; Li, F. W.; Lum, Y.; Nam, D. H.; Chen, B.; Wicks, J.; Xu, A. N. et al. Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 5714.

Ting, L. R. L.; Piqué, O.; Lim, S. Y.; Tanhaei, M.; Calle-Vallejo, F.; Yeo, B. S. Enhancing CO₂ electroreduction to ethanol on copper-silver composites by opening an alternative catalytic pathway. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 4059–4069.

Gao, J.; Ren, D.; Guo, X. Y.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Grätzel, M. Sequential catalysis enables enhanced C-C coupling towards multi-carbon alkenes and alcohols in carbon dioxide reduction: A study on bifunctional Cu/Au electrocatalysts. Faraday Discuss. 2019, 215, 282–296.

Hu, F.; Yang, L.; Jiang, Y. W.; Duan, C. X.; Wang, X. N.; Zeng, L. J.; Lv, X. F.; Duan, D. L.; Liu, Q.; Kong, T. T. et al. Ultrastable Cu catalyst for CO₂ electroreduction to multicarbon liquid fuels by tuning C-C coupling with CuTi subsurface. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 26122–26127.

Morales-Guio, C. G.; Cave, E. R.; Nitopi, S. A.; Feaster, J. T.; Wang, L.; Kuhl, K. P.; Jackson, A.; Johnson, N. C.; Abram, D. N.; Hatsukade, T. et al. Improved CO₂ reduction activity towards C₂₊ alcohols on a tandem gold on copper electrocatalyst. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1, 764–771.

Ren, D.; Gao, J.; Pan, L. F.; Wang, Z. W.; Luo, J. S.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Hagfeldt, A.; Grätzel, M. Atomic layer deposition of ZnO on CuO enables selective and efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 15036–15040.

Zhang, J.; Pham, T. H. M.; Ko, Y.; Li, M.; Yang, S. L.; Koolen, C. D.; Zhong, L. P.; Luo, W.; Züttel, A. Tandem effect of Ag@C@Cu catalysts enhances ethanol selectivity for electrochemical CO₂ reduction in flow reactors. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 2022, 3, 100949.

Mosali, V. S. S.; Zhang, X. L.; Liang, Y.; Li, L. B.; Puxty, G.; Horne, M. D.; Brajter-Toth, A.; Bond, A. M.; Zhang, J. CdS-enhanced ethanol selectivity in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction at sulfide-derived Cu-Cd. ChemSusChem 2021, 14, 2924–2934.

Su, X. S.; Sun, Y. M.; Jin, L.; Zhang, L.; Yang, Y.; Kerns, P.; Liu, B.; Li, S. Z.; He, J. Hierarchically porous Cu/Zn bimetallic catalysts for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to liquid C₂ products. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2020, 269, 118800.

Lv, X. M.; Shang, L. M.; Zhou, S.; Li, S.; Wang, Y. H.; Wang, Z. Q.; Sham, T. K.; Peng, C.; Zheng, G. F. Electron-deficient Cu sites on Cu₃Ag₁ catalyst promoting CO₂ electroreduction to alcohols. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2001987.

Wang, X.; Wang, Z. Y. ; de Arquer, F. P. G.; Dinh, C. T.; Ozden, A.; Li, Y. C.; Nam, D. H.; Li, J.; Liu, Y. S.; Wicks, J. et al. Efficient electrically powered CO₂-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation. Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 478–486.

Karapinar, D.; Huan, N. T.; Ranjbar Sahraie, N.; Li, J. K.; Wakerley, D.; Touati, N.; Zanna, S.; Taverna, D.; Galvão Tizei, L. H.; Zitolo, A. et al. Electroreduction of CO₂ on single-site copper-nitrogen-doped carbon material: Selective formation of ethanol and reversible restructuration of the metal sites. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 15098–15103.

Yuan, J.; Yang, M. P.; Zhi, W. Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Lu, J. X. Efficient electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to ethanol on Cu nanoparticles decorated on N-doped graphene oxide catalysts. J. CO₂ Util. 2019, 33, 452–460.

Zhang, Y. Y.; Li, K.; Chen, M. M.; Wang, J.; Liu, J. D.; Zhang, Y. T. Cu/Cu₂O nanoparticles supported on vertically ZIF-L-coated nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets for electroreduction of CO₂ to ethanol. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3, 257–263.

Liang, Z. Q.; Zhuang, T. T.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Li, J.; Huang, C. W.; Tan, C. S.; Li, Y.; De Luna, P.; Dinh, C. T.; Hu, Y. F. et al. Copper-on-nitride enhances the stable electrosynthesis of multi-carbon products from CO₂. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3828.

Yang, P. P.; Zhang, X. L.; Gao, F. Y.; Zheng, Y. R.; Niu, Z. Z.; Yu, X. X.; Liu, R.; Wu, Z. Z.; Qin, S.; Chi, L. P. et al. Protecting copper oxidation state via intermediate confinement for selective CO₂ electroreduction to C₂₊ fuels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 6400–6408.

Fan, Q. K.; Zhang, X.; Ge, X. H.; Bai, L. C.; He, D. S.; Qu, Y. T.; Kong, C. C.; Bi, J. L.; Ding, D. W.; Cao, Y. Q. et al. Manipulating Cu nanoparticle surface oxidation states tunes catalytic selectivity toward CH₄ or C₂₊ products in CO₂ electroreduction. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11, 2101424.

Timoshenko, J.; Bergmann, A.; Rettenmaier, C.; Herzog, A.; Arán-Ais, R. M.; Jeon, H. S.; Haase, F. T.; Hejral, U.; Grosse, P.; Kühl, S. et al. Steering the structure and selectivity of CO₂ electroreduction catalysts by potential pulses. Nat. Catal. 2022, 5, 259–267.

Song, Y. F.; Chen, W.; Zhao, C. C.; Li, S. G.; Wei, W.; Sun, Y. H. Metal-free nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon for electroreduction of CO₂ to ethanol. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 10840–10844.

Zhao, K.; Nie, X. W.; Wang, H. Z.; Chen, S.; Quan, X.; Yu, H. T.; Choi, W.; Zhang, G. H.; Kim, B.; Chen, J. G. Selective electroreduction of CO₂ to acetone by single copper atoms anchored on N-doped porous carbon. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2455.

Ni, Y. X.; Miao, L. C.; Wang, J. Q.; Liu, J. X.; Yuan, M. J.; Chen, J. Pore size effect of graphyne supports on CO₂ electrocatalytic activity of Cu single atoms. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2020, 22, 1181–1186.

Yu, S.; Louisia, S.; Yang, P. D. The interactive dynamics of nanocatalyst structure and microenvironment during electrochemical CO₂ conversion. JACS Au 2022, 2, 562–572.

Wang, W. B.; Duan, J. Y.; Liu, Y. W.; Zhai, T. Y. Structural reconstruction of catalysts in electroreduction reaction: Identifying, understanding, and manipulating. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2110699.

Zhuang, T. T.; Liang, Z. Q.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Li, Y.; De Luna, P.; Burdyny, T.; Che, F. L.; Meng, F.; Min, Y. M.; Quintero-Bermudez, R. et al. Steering post-C-C coupling selectivity enables high efficiency electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-carbon alcohols. Nat. Catal. 2018, 1, 421–428.

Nguyen, T. N.; Guo, J. X.; Sachindran, A.; Li, F. W.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Dinh, C. T. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction to ethanol: From mechanistic understanding to catalyst design. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 12474–12494.

Li, J.; Xu, A. N.; Li, F. W.; Wang, Z. Y.; Zou, C. Q.; Gabardo, C. M.; Wang, Y. H.; Ozden, A.; Xu, Y.; Nam, D. H. et al. Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 3685.

Clark, E. L.; Hahn, C.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Bell, A. T. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction over compressively strained CuAg surface alloys with enhanced multi-carbon oxygenate selectivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 15848–15857.

Shen, S. B.; Peng, X. Y.; Song, L. D.; Qiu, Y.; Li, C.; Zhuo, L. C.; He, J.; Ren, J. Q.; Liu, X. J.; Luo, J. AuCu alloy nanoparticle embedded cu submicrocone arrays for selective conversion of CO₂ to ethanol. Small 2019, 15, 1902229.

Wang, Y. X.; Shen, H.; Livi, K. J. T.; Raciti, D.; Zong, H.; Gregg, J.; Onadeko, M.; Wan, Y. D.; Watson, A.; Wang, C. Copper nanocubes for CO₂ reduction in gas diffusion electrodes. Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 8461–8468.

Gao, D. F.; Zegkinoglou, I.; Divins, N. J.; Scholten, F.; Sinev, I.; Grosse, P.; Roldan Cuenya, B. Plasma-activated copper nanocube catalysts for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction to hydrocarbons and alcohols. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 4825–4831.

Lee, S. Y.; Jung, H.; Kim, N. K.; Oh, H. S.; Min, B. K.; Hwang, Y. J. Mixed copper states in anodized Cu electrocatalyst for stable and selective ethylene production from CO₂ reduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 8681–8689.

Lausche, A. C.; Medford, A. J.; Khan, T. S.; Xu, Y.; Bligaard, T.; Abild-Pedersen, F.; Nørskov, J. K.; Studt, F. On the effect of coverage-dependent adsorbate-adsorbate interactions for CO methanation on transition metal surfaces. J. Catal. 2013, 307, 275–282.

Wang, H. X.; Tzeng, Y. K.; Ji, Y. F.; Li, Y. B.; Li, J.; Zheng, X. L.; Yang, A. K.; Liu, Y. Y.; Gong, Y. J.; Cai, L. L. et al. Synergistic enhancement of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₂ oxygenates at nitrogen-doped nanodiamonds/Cu interface. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2020, 15, 131–137.

Zhu, Q. G.; Sun, X. F.; Yang, D. X.; Ma, J.; Kang, X. C.; Zheng, L. R.; Zhang, J.; Wu, Z. H.; Han, B. X. Carbon dioxide electroreduction to C₂ products over copper-cuprous oxide derived from electrosynthesized copper complex. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3851.

Luc, W.; Fu, X. B.; Shi, J. J.; Lv, J. J.; Jouny, M.; Ko, B. H.; Xu, Y. B.; Tu, Q.; Hu, X. B.; Wu, J. S. et al. Two-dimensional copper nanosheets for electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide to acetate. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 423–430.

Grace, A. N.; Choi, S. Y.; Vinoba, M.; Bhagiyalakshmi, M.; Chu, D. H.; Yoon, Y.; Nam, S. C.; Jeong, S. K. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at low overpotential on a polyaniline/Cu₂O nanocomposite based electrode. Appl. Energy 2014, 120, 85–94.

Guo, F.; Liu, B.; Liu, M. P.; Xia, Y.; Wang, T. L.; Hu, W.; Fyffe, P.; Tian, L. H.; Chen, X. B. Selective electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to acetate on polymeric Cu-L (L = pyridinic N and carbonyl group) complex core-shell microspheres. Green Chem. 2021, 23, 5129–5137.

Wang, Y.; Wang, D. G.; Dares, C. J.; Marquard, S. L.; Sheridan, M. V.; Meyer, T. J. CO₂ reduction to acetate in mixtures of ultrasmall (Cu) _n , (Ag) _m bimetallic nanoparticles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 115, 278–283.

Zang, D. J.; Li, Q.; Dai, G. Y.; Zeng, M. Y.; Huang, Y. C.; Wei, Y. G. Interface engineering of Mo₈/Cu heterostructures toward highly selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into acetate. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2021, 281, 119426.

Higgins, D.; Landers, A. T.; Ji, Y.; Nitopi, S.; Morales-Guio, C. G.; Wang, L.; Chan, K.; Hahn, C.; Jaramillo, T. F. Guiding electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction toward carbonyls using copper silver thin films with interphase miscibility. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 3, 2947–2955.

Chen, C. B.; Li, Y. F.; Yu, S.; Louisia, S.; Jin, J. B.; Li, M. F.; Ross, M. B.; Yang, P. D. Cu-Ag tandem catalysts for high-rate CO₂ electrolysis toward multicarbons. Joule 2020, 4, 1688–1699.

Genovese, C.; Ampelli, C.; Perathoner, S.; Centi, G. Mechanism of C-C bond formation in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to acetic acid. A challenging reaction to use renewable energy with chemistry. Green Chem. 2017, 19, 2406–2415.

Bayaguud, A.; Zhang, J.; Khan, R. N. N.; Hao, J.; Wei, Y. G. A redox active triad nanorod constructed from covalently interlinked organo-hexametalates. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 13150–13152.

Proust, A.; Matt, B.; Villanneau, R.; Guillemot, G.; Gouzerh, P.; Izzet, G. Functionalization and post-functionalization: A step towards polyoxometalate-based materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 7605–7622.

Li, N.; Liu, J.; Dong, B. X.; Lan, Y. Q. Polyoxometalate-based compounds for photo- and electrocatalytic applications. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 20779–20793.

Gonçalves, M. R.; Gomes, A.; Condeço, J.; Fernandes, T. R. C.; Pardal, T.; Sequeira, C. A. C.; Branco, J. B. Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to C2 hydrocarbons using different ex-situ copper electrodeposits. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 102, 388–392.

Kas, R.; Kortlever, R.; Milbrat, A.; Koper, M. T. M.; Mul, G.; Baltrusaitis, J. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction on Cu₂O-derived copper nanoparticles: Controlling the catalytic selectivity of hydrocarbons. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 12194–12201.

Xie, M. S.; Xia, B. Y.; Li, Y. W.; Yan, Y.; Yang, Y. H.; Sun, Q.; Chan, S. H.; Fisher, A.; Wang, X. Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 1687–1695.

Dutta, A.; Rahaman, M.; Luedi, N. C.; Mohos, M.; Broekmann, P. Morphology matters: Tuning the product distribution of CO₂ electroreduction on oxide-derived Cu foam catalysts. ACS Catal. 2016, 6, 3804–3814.

Yang, K. D.; Ko, W. R.; Lee, J. H.; Kim, S. J.; Lee, H.; Lee, M. H.; Nam, K. T. Morphology-directed selective production of ethylene or ethane from CO₂ on a Cu mesopore electrode. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 796–800.

Chen, C. S.; Wan, J. H.; Yeo, B. S. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethane using nanostructured Cu₂O-derived copper catalyst and palladium(II) chloride. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 26875–26882.

Pang, Y. J.; Li, J.; Wang, Z. Y.; Tan, C. S.; Hsieh, P. L.; Zhuang, T. T.; Liang, Z. Q.; Zou, C. Q.; Wang, X.; De Luna, P. et al. Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 251–258.

Yang, B. Y.; Chen, L.; Xue, S. L.; Sun, H.; Feng, K.; Chen, Y. F.; Zhang, X.; Xiao, L.; Qin, Y. Z.; Zhong, J. et al. Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to alcohols by modulating the molecular geometry and Cu coordination in bicentric copper complexes. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 5122.

Wang, X.; Wang, Z. Y.; Zhuang, T. T.; Dinh, C. T.; Li, J.; Nam, D. H.; Li, F. W.; Huang, C. W.; Tan, C. S.; Chen, Z. T. et al. Efficient upgrading of CO to C₃ fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 5186.

Wang, H.; Matios, E.; Wang, C. L.; Luo, J. M.; Lu, X.; Hu, X. F.; Li, W. Y. Rapid and scalable synthesis of cuprous halide-derived copper nano-architectures for selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 3925–3932.

Vasileff, A.; Zhu, Y. P.; Zhi, X.; Zhao, Y. Q.; Ge, L.; Chen, H. M.; Zheng, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to ethane through stabilization of an ethoxy intermediate. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 19649–19653.

Handoko, A. D.; Chan, K. W.; Yeo, B. S. -CH₃ mediated pathway for the electroreduction of CO₂ to Ethane and ethanol on thick oxide-derived copper catalysts at low overpotentials. ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 2103–2109.

Billy, J. T.; Co, A. C. Reducing the onset potential of CO₂ electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2018, 237, 911–918.

Dutta, A.; Rahaman, M.; Mohos, M.; Zanetti, A.; Broekmann, P. Electrochemical CO₂ conversion using skeleton (sponge) type of Cu catalysts. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 5431–5437.

Wang, L.; Higgins, D. C.; Ji, Y. F.; Morales-Guio, C. G.; Chan, K.; Hahn, C.; Jaramillo, T. F. Selective reduction of CO to acetaldehyde with CuAg electrocatalysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 12572–12575.

Jiwanti, P. K.; Natsui, K.; Nakata, K.; Einaga, Y. The electrochemical production of C₂/C₃ species from carbon dioxide on copper-modified boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochim. Acta 2018, 266, 414–419.

Fu, J. J.; Zhu, W. L.; Chen, Y.; Yin, Z. Y.; Li, Y. Y.; Liu, J.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhu, J. J.; Sun, S. H. Bipyridine-assisted assembly of Au nanoparticles on Cu nanowires to enhance the electrochemical reduction of CO₂. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 14100–14103.

Bai, X. W.; Shi, L.; Li, Q.; Ling, C. Y.; Ouyang, Y. X.; Wang, S. Y.; Wang, J. L. Synergistic effect of metal doping and tethered ligand promoted high-selectivity conversion of CO₂ to C₂ oxygenates at ultra-low potential. Energy Environ. Mater. 2022, 5, 892–898.

Song, H.; Im, M.; Song, J. T.; Lim, J. A.; Kim, B. S.; Kwon, Y.; Ryu, S.; Oh, J. Effect of mass transfer and kinetics in ordered Cu-mesostructures for electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2018, 232, 391–396.

Kuhl, K. P.; Cave, E. R.; Abram, D. N.; Jaramillo, T. F. New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 7050–7059.

Huang, Y.; Handoko, A. D.; Hirunsit, P.; Yeo, B. S. Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ using copper single-crystal surfaces: Effects of CO* coverage on the selective formation of ethylene. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 1749–1756.

Wu, Y. A.; McNulty, I.; Liu, C.; Lau, K. C.; Liu, Q.; Paulikas, A. P.; Sun, C. J.; Cai, Z. H.; Guest, J. R.; Ren, Y. et al. Facet-dependent active sites of a single Cu₂O particle photocatalyst for CO₂ reduction to methanol. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 957–968.

Li, Y. F.; Cui, F.; Ross, M. B.; Kim, D.; Sun, Y. C.; Yang, P. D. Structure-sensitive CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons on ultrathin 5-fold twinned copper nanowires. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 1312–1317.

Zaza, L.; Rossi, K.; Buonsanti, R. Well-defined copper-based nanocatalysts for selective electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to C₂ products. ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 1284–1291.

Wang, P. T.; Yang, H.; Xu, Y.; Huang, X. Q.; Wang, J.; Zhong, M.; Cheng, T.; Shao, Q. Synergized Cu/Pb core/shell electrocatalyst for high-efficiency CO₂ reduction to C₂₊ Liquids. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 1039–1047.

Prabhu, P.; Jose, V.; Lee, J. M. Heterostructured catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1910768.

Wang, J. J.; Li, Z.; Zhu, Z. Z.; Jiang, J. X.; Li, Y. L.; Chen, J. J.; Niu, X. B.; Chen, J. S.; Wu, R. Tailoring the interactions of heterostructured Ni₄N/Ni₃ZnC_0.7 for efficient CO₂ electroreduction. J. Energy Chem. 2022, 75, 1–7.

Wang, Y. F.; Chen, Z.; Han, P.; Du, Y. H.; Gu, Z. X.; Xu, X.; Zheng, G. F. Single-atomic Cu with multiple oxygen vacancies on ceria for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to CH₄. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 7113–7119.

Gao, S.; Lin, Y.; Jiao, X. C.; Sun, Y. F.; Luo, Q. Q.; Zhang, W. H.; Li, D. Q.; Yang, J. L.; Xie, Y. Partially oxidized atomic cobalt layers for carbon dioxide electroreduction to liquid fuel. Nature 2016, 529, 68–71.

Fan, L.; Liu, C. Y.; Zhu, P.; Xia, C.; Zhang, X.; Wu, Z. Y.; Lu, Y. Y.; Senftle, T. P.; Wang, H. T. Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 2022, 6, 205–220.

Ummireddi, A. K.; Sharma, S. K.; Pala, R. G. S. Influence of tetraethylammonium cation on electrochemical CO₂ reduction over Cu, Ag, Ni, and Fe surfaces. J. Catal. 2022, 406, 213–221.

Wakerley, D.; Lamaison, S.; Ozanam, F.; Menguy, N.; Mercier, D.; Marcus, P.; Fontecave, M.; Mougel, V. Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO₂ reduction on a Cu surface. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 1222–1227.

Zhang, A.; Liang, Y. X.; Li, H. P.; Wang, S. L.; Chang, Q. X.; Peng, K. Y.; Geng, Z. G.; Zeng, J. Electronic tuning of SnS₂ nanosheets by hydrogen incorporation for efficient CO₂ electroreduction. Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 7789–7795.

Peng, C.; Yang, S. T.; Luo, G.; Yan, S.; Shakouri, M.; Zhang, J. B.; Chen, Y. S.; Li, W. H.; Wang, Z. Q.; Sham, T. K. et al. Surface co-modification of halide anions and potassium cations promotes high-rate CO₂-to-ethanol electrosynthesis. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2204476.

Murata, A.; Hori, Y. Product selectivity affected by cationic species in electrochemical reduction of CO₂ and CO at a Cu electrode. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 1991, 64, 123–127.

Monteiro, M. C. O.; Dattila, F.; López, N.; Koper, M. T. M. The role of cation acidity on the competition between hydrogen evolution and CO₂ reduction on gold electrodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 1589–1602.

Gao, D. F.; McCrum, I. T.; Deo, S.; Choi, Y. W.; Scholten, F.; Wan, W. M.; Chen, J. G.; Janik, M. J.; Roldan Cuenya, B. Activity and selectivity control in CO₂ electroreduction to multicarbon products over CuO _x catalysts via electrolyte design. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 10012–10020.

Cui, Y. D.; He, B.; Liu, X. M.; Sun, J. Ionic liquids-promoted electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2020, 59, 20235–20252.

Li, P. S.; Bi, J. H.; Liu, J. Y.; Zhu, Q. G.; Chen, C. J.; Sun, X. F.; Zhang, J. L.; Han, B. X. In-situ dual doping for constructing efficient CO₂-to-methanol electrocatalysts. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 1965.

Huang, L.; Gao, G.; Yang, C. B.; Li, X. Y.; Miao, R. K.; Xue, Y. R.; Xie, K.; Ou, P. F.; Yavuz, C. T.; Han, Y. et al. Pressure dependence in aqueous-based electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 2958.

Vos, R. E.; Kolmeijer, K. E.; Jacobs, T. S. ; van der Stam, W.; Weckhuysen, B. M.; Koper, M. T. M. How temperature affects the selectivity of the electrochemical CO₂ reduction on copper. ACS Catal. 2023, 13, 8080–8091.

Zhang, J.; Luo, W.; Züttel, A. Crossover of liquid products from electrochemical CO₂ reduction through gas diffusion electrode and anion exchange membrane. J. Catal. 2020, 385, 140–145.

Zi, X.; Zhou, Y. J.; Zhu, L.; Chen, Q.; Tan, Y.; Wang, X. Q.; Sayed, M.; Pensa, E.; Geioushy, R. A.; Liu, K. et al. Breaking K⁺ concentration limit on Cu nanoneedles for acidic electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to multi-carbon products. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202309351.

Lei, T.; Zhang, X.; Jung, J.; Cai, Y. X.; Hou, X. F.; Zhang, Q.; Qiao, J. L. Continuous electroreduction of carbon dioxide to formate on tin nanoelectrode using alkaline membrane cell configuration in aqueous medium. Catal. Today 2018, 318, 32–38.

Mistry, H.; Varela, A. S.; Bonifacio, C. S.; Zegkinoglou, I.; Sinev, I.; Choi, Y. W.; Kisslinger, K.; Stach, E. A.; Yang, J. C.; Strasser, P. et al. Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12123.

Grosse, P.; Gao, D. F.; Scholten, F.; Sinev, I.; Mistry, H.; Roldan Cuenya, B. Dynamic changes in the structure, chemical state and catalytic selectivity of Cu nanocubes during CO₂ electroreduction: Size and support effects. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 6192–6197.

Cesarini, A.; Mitchell, S.; Zichittella, G.; Agrachev, M.; Schmid, S. P.; Jeschke, G.; Pan, Z. Y.; Bodi, A.; Hemberger, P.; Pérez-Ramírez, J. Elucidation of radical- and oxygenate-driven paths in zeolite-catalysed conversion of methanol and methyl chloride to hydrocarbons. Nat. Catal. 2022, 5, 605–614.

Chen, A.; Zhang, X.; Chen, L. T.; Yao, S.; Zhou, Z. A machine learning model on simple features for CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124, 22471–22478.