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Nano Research Energy 2024, 3: e9120091 https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2023.9120091
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 08 September 2023

Recent advances in structural modification on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic H2O2 production

Show Author's Information Feng Ming Yap1,2,  Grayson Zhi Sheng Ling1,2,  Brenden Jing Su1,2,  Jian Yiing Loh1,2,  Wee-Jun Ong1,2,3,4,5( )
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Gulei Innovation Institute, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363200, China
Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
Keywords:
g-C3N4, photocatalysis, H2O2 production, structural modification
Cite this article:
Yap FM, Sheng Ling GZ, Su BJ, et al. Recent advances in structural modification on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic H2O2 production. Nano Research Energy, 2024, 3: e9120091. https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2023.9120091
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Abstract Full text About this article

To date, extensively high demand for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been predominantly supplied by the anthraquinone process for several worldwide applications, encompassing wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, and chemical synthesis. However, the compacted manufacturing, massive energy input and the release of tremendous wastes have restricted commercialization feasibility. Regards to mitigate such issues, the photocatalytic H2O2 production by utilizing g-C3N4 catalysts has endowed a greener, sustainable and promising alternative, considering that it involves water and oxygen as reactants in the present of sunlight as energy input. Herein, we have manifested a comprehensive overview of the research progress for g-C3N4-based semiconductors for photocatalytic H2O2 generation. This review has systematically elucidated state-of-the-art development of different modifications on g-C3N4 to unravel the fundamental mechanism of H2O2 evolution via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR). In addition, the contribution made by vacancy introduction, doping, heterogenization, and co-catalyst passivation with respect to photoefficiency enhancement have been clarified. Furthermore, the current challenges and perspective of future development directions on photocatalytic H2O2 production have also been highlighted. As such, g-C3N4 stands as the next step toward advancement in the configuration and modulation of high-efficiency photocatalysts.


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About this article

Recent advances in structural modification on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic H2O2 production

Show Author's information Feng Ming Yap1,2, Grayson Zhi Sheng Ling1,2, Brenden Jing Su1,2, Jian Yiing Loh1,2, Wee-Jun Ong1,2,3,4,5( )
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Gulei Innovation Institute, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363200, China
Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China

Abstract

To date, extensively high demand for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been predominantly supplied by the anthraquinone process for several worldwide applications, encompassing wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, and chemical synthesis. However, the compacted manufacturing, massive energy input and the release of tremendous wastes have restricted commercialization feasibility. Regards to mitigate such issues, the photocatalytic H2O2 production by utilizing g-C3N4 catalysts has endowed a greener, sustainable and promising alternative, considering that it involves water and oxygen as reactants in the present of sunlight as energy input. Herein, we have manifested a comprehensive overview of the research progress for g-C3N4-based semiconductors for photocatalytic H2O2 generation. This review has systematically elucidated state-of-the-art development of different modifications on g-C3N4 to unravel the fundamental mechanism of H2O2 evolution via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR). In addition, the contribution made by vacancy introduction, doping, heterogenization, and co-catalyst passivation with respect to photoefficiency enhancement have been clarified. Furthermore, the current challenges and perspective of future development directions on photocatalytic H2O2 production have also been highlighted. As such, g-C3N4 stands as the next step toward advancement in the configuration and modulation of high-efficiency photocatalysts.

Keywords: g-C3N4, photocatalysis, H2O2 production, structural modification

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 24 June 2023
Revised: 26 July 2023
Accepted: 30 July 2023
Published: 08 September 2023
Issue date: March 2024

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (Ref no: FRGS/1/2020/TK0/XMU/02/1). We would also like to thank the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) Malaysia under the Strategic Research Fund (SRF-APP) (S.22015). The authors would also like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Ref no: 22202168) and Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Ref no: 2021A1515111019). This work is also funded by Xiamen University Malaysia Investigatorship Grant (Grant no: IENG/0038), Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund (ICOE/0001, XMUMRF/2021-C8/IENG/0041 and XMUMRF/2019-C3/IENG/0013), and Hengyuan International Sdn. Bhd. (Grant no: EENG/0003).

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