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To restore the natural nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), artificial N-cycle electrocatalysis with flexibility, sustainability, and compatibility can convert intermittent renewable energy (e.g., wind) to harmful or value-added chemicals with minimal carbon emissions. The background of such N-cycles, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and nitrate reduction, is briefly introduced here. The discussion of emerging nanostructures in various conversion reactions is focused on the architecture/compositional design, electrochemical performances, reaction mechanisms, and instructive tests. Energy device advancements for achieving more functions as well as in situ/operando characterizations toward understanding key steps are also highlighted. Furthermore, some recently proposed reactions as well as less discussed C–N coupling reactions are also summarized. We classify inorganic nitrogen sources that convert to each other under an applied voltage into three types, namely, abundant nitrogen, toxic nitrate (nitrite), and nitrogen oxides, and useful compounds such as ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine, with the goal of providing more critical insights into strategies to facilitate the development of our circular nitrogen economy.


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Recent advances in nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts for N-cycle electrocatalysis

Show Author's information Jie Liang1Qian Liu2Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri3Xuping Sun1,4( )
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

Abstract

To restore the natural nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), artificial N-cycle electrocatalysis with flexibility, sustainability, and compatibility can convert intermittent renewable energy (e.g., wind) to harmful or value-added chemicals with minimal carbon emissions. The background of such N-cycles, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and nitrate reduction, is briefly introduced here. The discussion of emerging nanostructures in various conversion reactions is focused on the architecture/compositional design, electrochemical performances, reaction mechanisms, and instructive tests. Energy device advancements for achieving more functions as well as in situ/operando characterizations toward understanding key steps are also highlighted. Furthermore, some recently proposed reactions as well as less discussed C–N coupling reactions are also summarized. We classify inorganic nitrogen sources that convert to each other under an applied voltage into three types, namely, abundant nitrogen, toxic nitrate (nitrite), and nitrogen oxides, and useful compounds such as ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine, with the goal of providing more critical insights into strategies to facilitate the development of our circular nitrogen economy.

Keywords: electrocatalyst, heterogeneous, ammonia synthesis, nitrogen cycle, metal−N2 battery

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Publication history

Received: 07 May 2022
Revised: 28 May 2022
Accepted: 29 May 2022
Published: 02 June 2022
Issue date: September 2022

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21575137).

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