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Research Article | Open Access

A small-bundle single-wall carbon nanotube electrothermal film for smart windows

Wu-Tong Ding1,2,§, Yu Meng1,§, Hao Yang1, An-Ping Wu1, Rui-Shu Ma1,2, Kang Li1,2, Peng-Xiang Hou1,2( ), Chang Liu1,2( )
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

§ Wu-Tong Ding and Yu Meng contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

The incorporation of electrothermal films into smart windows has been of intense research interest in developing highly conductive transparent films. However, achieving a high optical transparency and exceptional electrothermal performance simultaneously remains a great challenge. We reported a transparent conductive single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film comprised of highly-crystalline and long SWCNTs in small bundles. The SWCNT film with an average bundle diameter of 7.1 nm had a low sheet resistance of 26 Ω/□ at a transmittance of 82%, and had a constant temperature of 102 °C at a low applied voltage of 20 V. Integrating this transparent heating film with thermochromic materials enabled the fabrication of a flexible smart window with thermally triggered dynamic transparency. The device has a broad reversible visible light transparency range (~ 78%) and excellent cycling stability.

Graphical Abstract

The smart window, constructed by integrating a small-bundle single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film with paraffin wax/polydimethylsiloxane (PW/PDMS), enables its light transmittance to be modulated by an applied voltage.

Keywords

single-wall carbon nanotubesmall-bundlefilmelectrothermal property

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Nano Research
Volume 19 Issue 9,
September 2026
Article number: 94908790
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908790

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Cite this article:
Ding W-T, Meng Y, Yang H, et al. A small-bundle single-wall carbon nanotube electrothermal film for smart windows. Nano Research, 2026, 19(9): 94908790. https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2026.94908790
Topics:
Carbon nanotubesSingle walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)

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Received: 13 March 2026
Revised: 27 April 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
Published: 03 July 2026
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).