Recent achievements and challenges of large-area and flexible transparent conductive films

The field of flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs) has been the subject of extensive research and development over the past decades, especially due to the explosive growth of flexible electronics. Laboratory research has developed a series of novel materials with remarkable performance, yet a significant gap remains between the academic breakthroughs and widespread industrial application, mainly owing to the systemic disconnect between lab conditions and the requirements of industrial-scale production. This review provides a comprehensive, application-driven requirement summary of FTCF technologies, analyzing status on large-area production technologies and key breakthroughs on materials and properties, identifying the critical bottlenecks impeding practical application, and suggesting strategies for future research and industrial development.