Regulation strategies for CVD growth of non-layered 2D materials

Non-layered two-dimensional materials (NL2DMs) have emerged as a promising complement to layered 2D materials, offering unique properties derived from their isotropic bonding and structural diversity. However, their synthesis is still facing significant challenges due to the lack of intrinsic anisotropic growth driving force. This review comprehensively outlines strategies for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-based synthesis of NL2DMs, demonstrating how integrated thermodynamic and kinetic control enables precise thickness and morphology modulation. We also analyze the existing challenges and propose future research directions. This systematic framework paves the way for engineering NL2DMs growth with customized functionalities for next-generation optoelectronics, energy storage, and catalysis.