Terminal groups: The key to tunable and versatile MXenes materials

Since their discovery in 2011, MXenes have been extensively applied across many fields due to their high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, lightweight, and adjustable bandgap. MXenes are distinct from other two-dimensional (2D) layered materials because their unique synthesis inevitably introduces surface-terminated groups, which have a significant impact on their physical and chemical properties. Recently, by modifying the surface terminal groups, researchers have greatly expanded the applications of MXene materials. This paper introduces the various types of MXene materials and delves into the mechanisms for the generation of terminal groups during the preparation process. Then, it comprehensively analyzes how these functionalized terminal groups significantly affect the performance of MXene materials in different application scenarios and summarizes their potential and advantages in practical applications. This review provides valuable insights into the importance of surface terminal groups in unlocking the full potential of MXene materials for future technological innovations.