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Review Article | Open Access

Advances in hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for photo/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Lin Ye2,§, Jianwen Yang1,3,§, Dong-Pyo Kim3( ), Dengrong Sun1( )
College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis (CIMPS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang-Si, Gyungsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea

§ Lin Ye and Jianwen Yang contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Reduction of CO2 into fuels and chemicals by means of photocatalysis or electrocatalysis offers a sustainable route to mitigate greenhouse emissions. Hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising photo/electro-catalysts for CO2 reduction due to their tunable porosity, high surface areas, and ability to repel water for suppressing competing hydrogen evolution. This review summarized the recent advances of hydrophobic MOFs for photo/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, catalogged by the principle mechanism of CO2 reducion, design strategies of hydrophobic MOFs and the applications of hydrophobic MOFs in CO2 reduction. The personal perspectives are also proposed to inspire more efforts in designing diversified hydrophobic MOFs for efficient CO2 utilization.

Graphical Abstract

The recent advance of hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for photo/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is summarized, cataloged by the reaction mechanism, design strategies of hydrophobic MOFs and the applications of hydrophobic MOFs in CO2 reduction to generate different products.

Keywords

metal-organic frameworksCO2 reductionhydrophobicphotocatalysiselectrocatalysis

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Nano Research
Volume 19 Issue 2,
February 2026
Article number: 94908041
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94908041

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Cite this article:
Ye L, Yang J, Kim D-P, et al. Advances in hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for photo/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nano Research, 2026, 19(2): 94908041. https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94908041
Topics:
Electrocatalysis Photocatalysis

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Received: 05 August 2025
Revised: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 04 September 2025
Published: 29 January 2026
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).