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Research Article | Open Access

The flow-type artificial photosynthesis assisted by photothermal catalysis over Fe/Fe3C nanocatalyst to convert CO2 and H2O into multi-hydrocarbons

Xianhua Bai1, Linjia Han1,2, Yachuan Wang3, Tianxing Liu1,2, Yaguang Li3( ), Yanhong Luo1,2,4( ), Dongmei Li1,2,4, Qingbo Meng1,4,5( )
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Research Center for Solar Driven Carbon Neutrality, Engineering Research Center of Zero-carbon Energy Buildings and Measurement Techniques, Ministry of Education, The College of Physics Science and Technology, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract

The flow-type artificial photosynthesis converts CO2 and H2O into multi-hydrocarbons (C2+), combining both environmental and economic benefits. However, it is limited by the low C2+ selectivity and low CO2 conversion efficiency. In this work, we coupled the photovoltaic hydrogen production from water and the photothermal CO2 hydrogenation system to form a new artificial photosynthesis system, exhibiting a CO2 conversion rate of 29.3% with C2+ selectivity reaching 82.1% at ambient pressure and 1 kW·m−2 of sunlight irradiation, which is beyond the state of the art of traditional artificial photosynthesis. The excellent sunlight driven C2+ generation performance is attributed to the catalyst of alkali metal K doped Fe/Fe3C, which is synthesized by Berlin green (BG) pyrolysis by controlling the BG precipitation aging temperature. The heterostructure of K doped Fe/Fe3C can promote the formation of C2+ by enhancing CO2 adsorption/activation and promoting C–C coupling at the interface of Fe and Fe3C. This study provides new insights for designing efficient CO2 conversion catalysts and is of great significance for promoting the practical application of artificial photosynthesis technology.

Graphical Abstract

We coupled the photovoltaic hydrogen production from water and the K doped Fe/Fe3C assisted photothermal CO2 hydrogenation system to form a new artificial photosynthesis system, exhibiting a CO2 conversion rate of 29.3% with C2+ selectivity reaching 82.1% at ambient pressure and 1 kW·m−2 of sunlight irradiation, which is beyond those in the photovoltaic electrocatalysis.

Keywords

artificial photosynthesisphotothermalCO2 hydrogenationC2+berlin green

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Nano Research
Volume 18 Issue 10,
October 2025
Article number: 94907966
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94907966

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Cite this article:
Bai X, Han L, Wang Y, et al. The flow-type artificial photosynthesis assisted by photothermal catalysis over Fe/Fe3C nanocatalyst to convert CO2 and H2O into multi-hydrocarbons. Nano Research, 2025, 18(10): 94907966. https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94907966
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Received: 10 July 2025
Revised: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
Published: 10 October 2025
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).