Evaluating the viability of integrating single-unit perovskite light-emitting diodes into perovskite–perovskite tandem configurations

As an inherent current-driven device, the luminous intensity of a single-unit perovskite light-emitting diode is directly proportional to the current density. However, this relationship can lead to a deterioration in the operational lifetime of the device at high current densities. In contrast, a tandem device structure, not only requires less current to achieve equivalent brightness compared to a single-unit device but also nearly achieves the combined efficiencies of each light-emitting unit. Herein, we present recommendations and protocols designed to facilitate the fabrication of all-tandem perovskite light-emitting diode, with the aim of benefiting both the research and industrial communities.