Biomimetic nanozymes in antibacterial applications

Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to public health, causing millions of deaths annually. Antibiotic therapy remains the primary treatment; however, its overuse has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant superbugs, which endanger both public health and the environment. Inspired by natural enzymes, researchers have developed nanozymes. These novel agents possess catalytic properties similar to those of natural enzymes and offer advantages such as low cost, high stability, durability, and adjustable size. These characteristics make nanozymes a promising approach for combating bacterial infections, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in biomimetic nanozymes for antibacterial applications, focusing on their functional and structural biomimicry, as well as biomimetic modifications aimed at enhancing biocompatibility, and highlights future perspectives on their application in treating bacterial infections.