Circularly polarized luminescence induced by nonporous metal–organic frameworks and their photo-curable 3D printing application

Porous architectures are generally important for chiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to fulfill chiroptical properties of guests, while induced chirality of guest molecules by nonporous chiral MOFs remains rare. Herein, we demonstrate a case of applying a cocrystallization strategy to construct circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-active host (nonporous MOFs)-guest hybrid systems. A pair of novel nonporous enantiomeric MOFs (L/D-CdMOF), are hydrothermally synthesized as chiral templates, exhibiting blue emission and chiroptical properties. By cocrystallization with achiral rhodamine 6G (R6G) through dye doping method, a pair of chiral assemblies (L/D-CdMOF $\supset$R6G adducts) are obtained, showing bluish-white CPL with good g_lum values at the 10⁻³ level. Leveraging the processability of these cocrystallization-engineered hybrids, a bluish-white CPL-emitting diode is fabricated, and CPL-active inks are developed. These inks are used in photo-curing three-dimensional (3D) printing to create various chiral adduct-based agglomerates with bluish-white CPL, demonstrating multidimensional chirality engineering via additive manufacturing. This work offers a creative avenue for the development of bluish-white CPL materials and provides insights for advanced applications.