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Artificial photosynthesis is highly desired to enhance natural photosynthesis, but it still faces enormous challenges stemming from the sluggish water oxidation process. Herein, biocompatible g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated by ultra-small Ru-Oxo clusters (Ru-COS-CN) were synthesized using tailored chitosan oligomers, and were applied to foliar spray for promoting photosynthesis of tobacco. The tobacco growth exhibited a positive correlation with the water oxidation performance of the photocatalysts, leading to the growth promotion of 36.1%, 36.8%, 27.4%, and 15.9% per 10 days for average fresh weight, dry weight, plant length, and leaf area with Ru-COS-CN treatment, respectively. The promotion is attributed to the produced long-lifetime photoelectrons from the utilized light range extension and the accelerated photocatalytic water oxidation by means of in situ µs-transient absorption spectra, and to the effective electron transfer into the chloroplasts with an enhanced electron transfer rate in the electron transport chain based on the results of Hill reaction.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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