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Research Article | Open Access

High-temperature shock-induced transformation of bulk copper into single-atom catalyst

Renjie Fang1,§, Ji Yang1,§, Wei-Shen Song1, Na Yang2, Jie Ding3, Jian-Feng Li1 ( ), Feng Ru Fan1 ( )
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany

§ Renjie Fang and Ji Yang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

The high-temperature shock (HTS) strategy enables the direct transformation of bulk copper foil into single atoms in just 0.5 s at 1700 K. The transient high temperature not only promotes the formation of thermodynamically favorable Cu–N bonds but also prevents excessive sintering and aggregation of metal atoms.

Abstract

Transforming nanoscale and bulk metals into single atoms is crucial for the scalable production of single-atom catalysts (SACs), especially during pyrolysis. However, conventional equilibrium heating approaches often require prolonged operation to decompose metal aggregates, leading to tedious and time-consuming procedures for synthesizing SACs. In this study, we introduce high-temperature shock (HTS) strategy to enhance metal atomization, achieving the direct transformation of bulk copper foil into single atoms in just 0.5 s at 1700 K. The HTS-produced Cu catalyst demonstrates a high content of 0.54 wt.%, comparable to those achieved by commonly reported top-down strategies, indicating that the HTS method provides a compelling alternative for synthesizing Cu SACs from bulk Cu precursors. Structural analysis confirmed the synthesis of a Cu–N–C SAC with a Cu–N4 coordination environment. This Cu–N4 structure shows excellent catalytic performance for nitrite reduction to ammonia, achieving over 90% Faradaic efficiency across the entire working potential range and an ammonia production rate of up to 11.12 mg·cm−2·h−1 at −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing other reported Cu-based electrocatalysts. Furthermore, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations reveal that transient high temperatures not only promote the formation of thermodynamically favorable Cu–N bonds but also prevent excessive sintering and aggregation of metal atoms.

Keywords

single-atom catalystbulk metal foilhigh-temperature shockrapid conversionammonia electrosynthesis

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Nano Research
Volume 18 Issue 4,
April 2025
Article number: 94907300
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94907300
Cite this article:
Fang R, Yang J, Song W-S, et al. High-temperature shock-induced transformation of bulk copper into single-atom catalyst. Nano Research, 2025, 18(4): 94907300. https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94907300

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Received: 03 December 2024
Revised: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2025
Published: 20 March 2025
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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