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Research Article | Open Access

In-situ derive hierarchical Ti3C2@C@ZnO heterointerface for electromagnetic absorption enhancement

Jianxi Liu1,2( ), Haowen Luo1, Guohong Wang1,3, Sirui Han1, Kai Li1, Yunyi Zhang1, Xingmin Liu4( ), Fang Ye1, Yadong Xu2( )
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
MIIT Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Shanxi Semisic Crystal Co., Ltd. Taiyuan 030062, China
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica-Settore Materiali, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
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Graphical Abstract

Hierarchical Ti3C2@C@ZnO composites with tunable electromagnetic absorption performance have been synthesized from the Ti3C2Tx@PDA@ZIF-8 precursors by the heat treatment at different temperatures for carbonization. The Ti3C2@C@ZnO absorber has an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.50 GHz (from 13.9 to 17.4 GHz) with an optimal reflection loss (RL) of 50.241 dB at an extremely thin thickness of only 1.15 mm.

Abstract

Heterointerfaces formed by the intimate connection of different materials with electromagnetic losses are expected to achieve stronger electromagnetic (EM) absorption. However, constructing composites with heterointerfaces still faces great challenges in facile preparation process, optimized impedance matching, high reflection loss (RL), and ultrathin matching thickness. In this work, we develop ZIF-8 functionalized MXene to produce hierarchical Ti3C2@C@ZnO composites with heterointerface to advance EM absorption enhancement. Modified with polydopamine (PDA), few-layer Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets enable adsorption of Zn2+ metal ions on Ti3C2Tx@PDA by electrostatic interaction for in-situ growth of ZIF-8. Ti3C2/C/ZnO heterointerface were obtained after heat treatment of Ti3C2Tx@PDA@ZIF-8 nanocomposites at various temperatures. The Ti3C2/C/ZnO-600 °C with 1.15 mm thickness have a RL of −50.241 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.50 GHz. In-depth studies on the electromagnetic loss mechanisms reveal that Ti3C2, carbon, and ZnO in nanocomposites generate multiple interfacial polarization losses beyond partial conductivity losses caused by Ti3C2 and ZnO. Oxygen vacancy defects in ZnO form dipole losses with carbon. This work not only provides a simple and effective concept for preparing MXene@MOFs heterogeneous composites as an ultrathin and strong electromagnetic wave absorber, but also offers a vital guideline to fabricate various metal oxides derived from the MXene and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) precursors.

Keywords

MXenemetal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived carbonelectromagnetic absorptionheterostructure

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Nano Research
Volume 18 Issue 2,
February 2025
Article number: 94907168
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94907168
Cite this article:
Liu J, Luo H, Wang G, et al. In-situ derive hierarchical Ti3C2@C@ZnO heterointerface for electromagnetic absorption enhancement. Nano Research, 2025, 18(2): 94907168. https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94907168

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Received: 11 November 2024
Revised: 28 November 2024
Accepted: 02 December 2024
Published: 11 January 2025
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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