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Research Article | Open Access

In situ polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) protective layer towards stable zinc anode

Debin Luo1, Peng Zhou1, Xiaowei Lv1,2 ( ), Panpan Sun1, Xiaohua Sun1 ( ), Hewei Zhao3 ( )
College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Graphical Abstract

Hydrophilic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) was first used for zinc anode artificial interface protection by a simple electrodeposition method. This protective layer effectively promotes the Zn2+ de-solvation process and inhibits side reactions and dendrite growth, ultimately significantly improving the cyclic stability of symmetric batteries and devices.

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion devices are considered promising candidates for energy storage due to their high safety, low cost and relatively high energy density. However, the dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and corrosion of the zinc anode significantly limit the development of Zn-ion devices. Here, an inexpensive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) protective layer was constructed in situ on the Zn surface using electro-polymerization to suppress dendrite growth and side reactions, thereby enhancing the reversibility of Zn. Experimental and theoretical calculations revealed that this hydrophilic protective layer promotes the desolvation process of hydrated Zn2+ and facilitates the transport of zinc ions, thus improving the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Zn2+ deposition and inhibiting interfacial side reactions. Consequently, the optimized PEDOT@Zn symmetric battery exhibited a cycling stability exceeding 1250 h at 0.5 mA·cm−2 and 0.25 mAh·cm−2, with a significantly reduced overpotential (from 91.8 to 35 mV). With the assistance of the PEDOT protective layer, the PEDOT@Zn//Cu battery maintained approximately 99.5% Coulombic efficiency after 450 cycles. Ex-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in situ optical microscopy characterizations further confirmed that the PEDOT protective layer can effectively suppress the growth of zinc dendrites. Additionally, the Zn-ion capacitors assembled by the PEDOT@Zn and activated carbon also demonstrated outstanding cycling stability.

Keywords

zinc-ion deviceszinc anodepoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)dendritedesolvation process

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Nano Research
Volume 18 Issue 1,
January 2025
Article number: 94907037
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94907037
Cite this article:
Luo D, Zhou P, Lv X, et al. In situ polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) protective layer towards stable zinc anode. Nano Research, 2025, 18(1): 94907037. https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94907037
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Received: 31 July 2024
Revised: 03 September 2024
Accepted: 15 September 2024
Published: 24 December 2024
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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