Journal Home > Volume 7 , Issue 4
Journal of Neurorestoratology 2019, 7(4): 196-206 https://doi.org/10.26599/JNR.2019.9040024
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 17 January 2020

Progress in research into spinal cord injury repair: Tissue engineering scaffolds and cell transdifferentiation

Show Author's Information Changke Ma§,1,  Peng Zhang§,2,  Yixin Shen2( )
Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Luhe, Nanjing 211500, Jiangsu, China
Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
olfactory ensheathing cells, spinal cord injury, stem cells, hydrogel, transdifferentiation
Cite this article:
Ma C, Zhang P, Shen Y. Progress in research into spinal cord injury repair: Tissue engineering scaffolds and cell transdifferentiation. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 2019, 7(4): 196-206. https://doi.org/10.26599/JNR.2019.9040024
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

794

Views

86

Downloads

Citations

10

Crossref

13

WoS

0

Scopus

N/A

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

As with all tissues of the central nervous system, the low regeneration ability of spinal cord tissue after injury decreases the potential for repair and recovery. Initially, in spinal cord injuries (SCI), often the surgeon can only limit further damage by early surgical decompression. However, with the development of basic science, especially the development of genetic engineering, molecular biology, tissue engineering, and materials science, some promising progress has been made in promoting the repair of central nervous system injuries. For example, transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), and gene- mediated transdifferentiation to repair central nervous system injury. This paper summarizes the progress and prospects of SCI repair with tissue engineering scaffold and cell transdifferentiation from an extensive literatures.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Progress in research into spinal cord injury repair: Tissue engineering scaffolds and cell transdifferentiation

Show Author's information Changke Ma§,1, Peng Zhang§,2, Yixin Shen2( )
Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Luhe, Nanjing 211500, Jiangsu, China
Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

As with all tissues of the central nervous system, the low regeneration ability of spinal cord tissue after injury decreases the potential for repair and recovery. Initially, in spinal cord injuries (SCI), often the surgeon can only limit further damage by early surgical decompression. However, with the development of basic science, especially the development of genetic engineering, molecular biology, tissue engineering, and materials science, some promising progress has been made in promoting the repair of central nervous system injuries. For example, transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), and gene- mediated transdifferentiation to repair central nervous system injury. This paper summarizes the progress and prospects of SCI repair with tissue engineering scaffold and cell transdifferentiation from an extensive literatures.

Keywords: olfactory ensheathing cells, spinal cord injury, stem cells, hydrogel, transdifferentiation

References(64)

[1]
AE Smith, IR Molton, MP Jensen. Self-reported incidence and age of onset of chronic comorbid medical conditions in adults aging with long-term physical disability. Disabil Health J. 2016, 9(3): 533-538.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]
JT Street, VK Noonan, A Cheung, et al. Incidence of acute care adverse events and long-term health-related quality of life in patients with TSCI. Spine J. 2015, 15(5): 923-932.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]
H Chikuda, J Ohya, H Horiguchi, et al. Ischemic stroke after cervical spine injury: analysis of 11, 005 patients using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database. Spine J. 2014, 14(10): 2275-2280.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]
S Piran, S Schulman. Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: A retrospective study. Thromb Res. 2016, 147: 97-101.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]
G Li, MT Che, X Zeng, et al. Neurotrophin-3 released from implant of tissue-engineered fibroin scaffolds inhibits inflammation, enhances nerve fiber regeneration, and improves motor function in canine spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res. 2018, 106(8): 2158-2170.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]
MA Anderson, JE Burda, YL Ren, et al. Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration. Nature. 2016, 532(7598): 195-200.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]
ME Schwab, C Brösamle. Regeneration of lesioned corticospinal tract fibers in the adult rat spinal cord under experimental conditions. Spinal Cord. 1997, 35(7): 469-473.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]
A Shafiee, A Atala. Printing technologies for medical applications. Trends Mol Med. 2016, 22(3): 254-265.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]
LJ Wang, Q Shi, JW Dai, et al. Increased vascularization promotes functional recovery in the transected spinal cord rats by implanted vascular endothelial growth factor-targeting collagen scaffold. J Orthop Res. 2018, 36(3): 1024-1034.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]
LTA Hong, YM Kim, HH Park, et al. An injectable hydrogel enhances tissue repair after spinal cord injury by promoting extracellular matrix remodeling. Nat Commun. 2017, 8(1): 533.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]
M Boido, M Ghibaudi, P Gentile, et al. Chitosan- based hydrogel to support the paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury treatment. Sci Rep. 2019, 9(1): 6402.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]
R Deumens, GC Koopmans, WM Honig, et al. Chronically injured corticospinal axons do not cross large spinal lesion gaps after a multifactorial transplantation strategy using olfactory ensheathing cell/ olfactory nerve fibroblast-biomatrix bridges. J Neurosci Res. 2006, 83(5): 811-820.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]
D Cigognini, D Silva, S Paloppi, et al. Evaluation of mechanical properties and therapeutic effect of injectable self-assembling hydrogels for spinal cord injury. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2014, 10(2): 309-323.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]
B Ghosh, J Nong, ZC Wang, et al. A hydrogel engineered to deliver minocycline locally to the injured cervical spinal cord protects respiratory neural circuitry and preserves diaphragm function. Neurobiol Dis. 2019, 127: 591-604.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]
Y Liu, H Ye, K Satkunendrarajah, et al. A self- assembling peptide reduces glial scarring, attenuates post-traumatic inflammation and promotes neurological recovery following spinal cord injury. Acta Biomater. 2013, 9(9): 8075-8088.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]
MF Rauch, SR Hynes, J Bertram, et al. Engineering angiogenesis following spinal cord injury: a coculture of neural progenitor and endothelial cells in a degradable polymer implant leads to an increase in vessel density and formation of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Eur J Neurosci. 2009, 29(1): 132-145.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]
J Arulmoli, HJ Wright, DTT Phan, et al. Combination scaffolds of salmon fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and laminin for human neural stem cell and vascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2016, 43: 122-138.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]
L Xue, HP Greisler. Angiogenic effect of fibroblast growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor and their synergism in a novel in vitro quantitative fibrin-based 3-dimensional angiogenesis system. Surgery. 2002, 132(2): 259-267.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]
ME Kroon, ML van Schie, B van der Vecht, et al. Collagen type 1 retards tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells in a fibrin matrix. Angiogenesis. 2002, 5(4): 257-265.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]
J Chedly, S Soares, A Montembault, et al. Physical chitosan microhydrogels as scaffolds for spinal cord injury restoration and axon regeneration. Biomaterials. 2017, 138: 91-107.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]
CG Zeng, Y Xiong, GY Xie, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of PLLA multichannel conduits with nanofibrous microstructure for the differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A. 2014, 20(5/6): 1038-1048.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]
X Zeng, YS Zeng, YH Ma, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional gelatin sponge scaffold attenuate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and reduce cavity formation in experimental spinal cord injury. Cell Transplant. 2011, 20(11/12): 1881-1899.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]
M Jalali Monfared, F Nasirinezhad, S Ebrahimi-Barough, et al. Transplantation of miR-219 overexpressed human endometrial stem cells encapsulated in fibrin hydrogel in spinal cord injury. J Cell Physiol. 2019, 234(10): 18887-18896.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]
HM Duan, WH Ge, AF Zhang, et al. Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms underlying functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015, 112(43): 13360-13365.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]
HR Ko, IS Kwon, I Hwang, et al. Akt1-Inhibitor of DNA binding2 is essential for growth cone formation and axon growth and promotes central nervous system axon regeneration. Elife. 2016, 5: e20799.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]
S Neumann, CJ Woolf. Regeneration of dorsal column fibers into and beyond the lesion site following adult spinal cord injury. Neuron. 1999, 23(1): 83-91.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]
Y Epstein, N Perry, M Volin, et al. MiR-9a modulates maintenance and ageing of Drosophila germline stem cells by limiting N-cadherin expression. Nat Commun. 2017, 8(1): 600.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]
TY Wang, WQ Yuan, Y Liu, et al. MiR-142-3p is a potential therapeutic target for sensory function recovery of spinal cord injury. Med Sci Monit. 2015, 21: 2553-2556.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]
TY Wang, Y Liu, WQ Yuan, et al. Identification of microRNAome in rat bladder reveals miR-1949 as a potential inducer of bladder cancer following spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2015, 12(2): 2849-2857.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]
TG Hauk, M Leibinger, A Müller, et al. Stimulation of axon regeneration in the mature optic nerve by intravitreal application of the toll-like receptor 2 agonist Pam3Cys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010, 51(1): 459-464.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]
K Nagata, I Hama, S Kiryu-Seo, et al. MicroRNA-124 is down regulated in nerve-injured motor neurons and it potentially targets mRNAs for KLF6 and STAT3. Neuroscience. 2014, 256: 426-432.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]
R Kumar, SK Sahu, M Kumar, et al. MicroRNA 17-5p regulates autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis- infected macrophages by targeting Mcl-1 and STAT3. Cell Microbiol. 2016, 18(5): 679-691.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]
JZ Hu, JH Huang, L Zeng, et al. Anti-apoptotic effect of microRNA-21 after contusion spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotrauma. 2013, 30(15): 1349-1360.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]
D Sayed, MZ He, C Hong, et al. MicroRNA-21 is a downstream effector of AKT that mediates its antiapoptotic effects via suppression of Fas ligand. J Biol Chem. 2010, 285(26): 20281-20290.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]
OG Bhalala, LL Pan, V Sahni, et al. MicroRNA-21 regulates astrocytic response following spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2012, 32(50): 17935-17947.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]
JL Song, W Zheng, W Chen, et al. Lentivirus- mediated microRNA-124 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes the repair of spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Mol Med. 2017, 49(5): e332.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]
P Dergham, B Ellezam, C Essagian, et al. Rho signaling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair. J Neurosci. 2002, 22(15): 6570-6577.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]
S Conrad, HJ Schluesener, K Trautmann, et al. Prolonged lesional expression of RhoA and RhoB following spinal cord injury. J Comp Neurol. 2005, 487(2): 166-175.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]
MK Jee, JS Jung, JI Choi, et al. MicroRNA 486 is a potentially novel target for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Brain. 2012, 135(Pt 4): 1237-1252.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]
D Tosh, JM Slack. How cells change their phenotype. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002, 3(3): 187-194.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]
A Cieślar-Pobuda, V Knoflach, MV Ringh, et al. Transdifferentiation and reprogramming: Overview of the processes, their similarities and differences. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2017, 1864(7): 1359-1369.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]
MR Wada, M Inagawa-Ogashiwa, S Shimizu, et al. Generation of different fates from multipotent muscle stem cells. Development. 2002, 129(12): 2987-2995.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]
J Xu, YY Du, HK Deng. Direct lineage reprogramming: strategies, mechanisms, and applications. Cell Stem Cell. 2015, 16(2): 119-134.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]
M Bierlein De la Rosa, AD Sharma, SK Mallapragada, et al. Transdifferentiation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-secreting mesenchymal stem cells significantly enhance BDNF secretion and Schwann cell marker proteins. J Biosci Bioeng. 2017, 124(5): 572-582.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]
SW Shen, CL Duan, XH Chen, et al. Neurogenic effect of VEGF is related to increase of astrocytes transdifferentiation into new mature neurons in rat brains after stroke. Neuropharmacology. 2016, 108: 451-461.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]
S Wang, Y Jung, J Hyun, et al. RNA binding proteins control transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018, 48(3): 1215-1229.
DOI Google Scholar
[47]
A Prasad, DB Teh, FR Shah Jahan, et al. Direct conversion through trans-differentiation: efficacy and safety. Stem Cells Dev. 2017, 26(3): 154-165.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]
YG Liu, QL Miao, JC Yuan, et al. Ascl1 converts dorsal midbrain astrocytes into functional neurons in vivo. J Neurosci. 2015, 35(25): 9336-9355.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]
AR Bonilla-Porras, C Velez-Pardo, M Jimenez-Del-Rio. Fast transdifferentiation of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells into neurospheres and nerve-Like cells. J Neurosci Methods. 2017, 282: 52-60.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]
S Kleiderman, S Gutbier, K Ugur Tufekci, et al. Conversion of nonproliferating astrocytes into neurogenic neural stem cells: control by FGF2 and interferon-Γ. Stem Cells. 2016, 34(12): 2861-2874.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]
L Kurian, I Sancho-Martinez, E Nivet, et al. Conversion of human fibroblasts to angioblast-Like progenitor cells. Nat Methods. 2013, 10(1): 77-83.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]
MS Lim, MY Chang, SM Kim, et al. Generation of dopamine neurons from rodent fibroblasts through the expandable neural precursor cell stage. J Biol Chem. 2015, 290(28): 17401-17414.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]
MC Doeser, HR Schöler, GM Wu. Reduction of fibrosis and scar formation by partial reprogramming in vivo. Stem Cells. 2018, 36(8): 1216-1225.
DOI Google Scholar
[54]
M Pekny, U Wilhelmsson, T Tatlisumak, et al. Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis-A new target in stroke? Neurosci Lett. 2019, 689: 45-55.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]
J Frik, J Merl-Pham, N Plesnila, et al. Cross-talk between monocyte invasion and astrocyte proliferation regulates scarring in brain injury. EMBO Rep. 2018, 19(5): e45294.
DOI Google Scholar
[56]
MC Falo, HL Fillmore, TM Reeves, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression profile differentiates adaptive and maladaptive synaptic plasticity induced by traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res. 2006, 84(4): 768-781.
DOI Google Scholar
[57]
G Yin, MJ Du, R Li, et al. Glia maturation factor beta is required for reactive gliosis after traumatic brain injury in zebrafish. Exp Neurol. 2018, 305: 129-138.
DOI Google Scholar
[58]
CH Chen, XL Zhong, DK Smith, et al. Astrocyte- specific deletion of Sox2 promotes functional recovery after traumatic brain injury. Cereb Cortex. 2019, 29(1): 54-69.
DOI Google Scholar
[59]
M Faiz, N Sachewsky, S Gascón, et al. Adult neural stem cells from the subventricular zone give rise to reactive astrocytes in the cortex after stroke. Cell Stem Cell. 2015, 17(5): 624-634.
DOI Google Scholar
[60]
ZY Guo, L Zhang, Z Wu, et al. In vivo direct reprogramming of reactive glial cells into functional neurons after brain injury and in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Cell Stem Cell. 2014, 14(2): 188-202.
DOI Google Scholar
[61]
JP Magnusson, C Göritz, J Tatarishvili, et al. A latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse. Science. 2014, 346(6206): 237-241.
DOI Google Scholar
[62]
S Sirko, G Behrendt, PA Johansson, et al. Reactive Glia in the injured brain acquire stem cell properties in response to sonic hedgehog. [corrected]. Cell Stem Cell. 2013, 12(4): 426-439.
DOI Google Scholar
[63]
L Cao, L Liu, ZY Chen, et al. Olfactory ensheathing cells genetically modified to secrete GDNF to promote spinal cord repair. Brain. 2004, 127(Pt 3): 535-549.
DOI Google Scholar
[64]
K Fouad, L Schnell, MB Bunge, et al. Combining Schwann cell bridges and olfactory-ensheathing Glia grafts with chondroitinase promotes locomotor recovery after complete transection of the spinal cord. J Neurosci. 2005, 25(5): 1169-1178.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 19 September 2019
Revised: 27 November 2019
Accepted: 09 December 2019
Published: 17 January 2020
Issue date: December 2019

Copyright

© The authors 2019

Rights and permissions

This article is published with open access at http://jnr.tsinghuajournals.com

Return