The retrospective study summarizes 28 years of cell therapy for neurotrauma of different origin. The four experimental groups were the groups of neurotrama that included traumatic disease of the spinal cord, traumatic disease of the brain and chronic vegetative post-traumatic state. The first group received transplantations of the fetal cells of neural tissue. The second group received the tissue engineering surgery with the transplantation of the fetal cells of neural tissue. The third group were the cases of the bioengineering pasty of the damaged brain tissue; and fourth were the cases of neurotrauma that were treated with the transplantation of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs). The long-term follow up proved the cell therapy with HSCs and HPCs to be the safest and most effective.