AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Journal of Intelligent Construction Article
PDF (35.9 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Research and development of foam smoke reduction device for underground confined spaces

Hetang Wanga,b( ), Xiaojuan Lia,b, Zhuoqi Zhua,b, Panpan Yanga,b, Haidong Guoc, Zhenlu Shaoa,b
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Sichuan Fire Research Institute of MEN, Chengdu 610036, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Smoke control technology is crucial in the risk management of fire in underground confined spaces. In this study, the integrated foam smoke reduction device (FSRD) of “foaming–spraying” is proposed in response to the challenging problem of smoke control of fire in underground confined spaces. The overall structure of FSRD device is designed and optimized through the numerical simulation of the internal flow field and experimental research. The optimal basic parameters are as follows: area ratio (Rm) of 20.25, pitch-to-diameter ratio (Rtd) of 1/3 or 5/9, and throat diameter (d3) of 18 mm . Additionally, the throat–nozzle distance (Lt) is 12 mm, and the operating pressure (p0) is 3.0 MPa. Finally, the smoke reduction experiment verified that the FSRD designed in this study had a better effect of elimination than fine water mist and cylindrical foam jet, with the elimination efficiency reaching 36.73%. This study provides a new device for smoke reduction in controlling fires in underground confined spaces.

Keywords

risk managementfoam smoke reductionfire smoke controlunderground confined spaces

References

[1]
H. Yuan, Z. Z. Dai, L. L. Dong, et al. Function evolution of urban underground space before 20th. Adv Mater Res, 2011, 255–260: 1468–1472.
Crossref
[2]
Z. G. Zheng, Z. Chen. Research on risk management of city underground space based on emergency. Appl Mech Mater, 2013, 353–356: 2349–2352.
Crossref
[3]

G. W. Zhang, D. Guo, G. Q. Zhu, et al. Influence of injection method on the fire extinguishing efficiency of liquid nitrogen in urban underground utility tunnel. Case Stud Therm Eng, 2021, 28: 101427.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]

M. Stefanidou, S. Athanaselis, C. Spiliopoulou. Health impacts of fire smoke inhalation. Inhal Toxicol, 2008, 20: 761–766.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]

A. C. P. Antonio, P. S. Castro, L. O. Freire. Smoke inhalation injury during enclosed-space fires: An update. J Bras Pneumol, 2013, 39: 373–381.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]

W. Z. Black. Smoke movement in elevator shafts during a high-rise structural fire. Fire Saf J, 2009, 44: 168–182.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]

T. X. Qin, Y. C. Guo, C. K. Chan, et al. Numerical simulation of the spread of smoke in an atrium under fire scenario. Build Environ, 2009, 44: 56–65.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
J. H. Klote, J. A. Milke, P. G. Turnbull, et al. Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering. Atlanta (USA): ASHRAE, 2012.
[9]

K. Anseeuw, N. Delvau, G. Burillo-Putze, et al. Cyanide poisoning by fire smoke inhalation: A European expert consensus. Eur J Emerg Med, 2013, 20: 2–9.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]

M. Król, A. Król. Multi-criteria numerical analysis of factors influencing the efficiency of natural smoke venting of atria. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn, 2017, 170: 149–161.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]

H. A. Abotaleb. Numerical study on smoke exhaust system in a mall with mechanical make-up techniques. Alexandria Eng J, 2018, 57: 2961–2974.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]

A. C. Y. Yuen, T. B. Y. Chen, W. Yang, et al. Natural ventilated smoke control simulation case study using different settings of smoke vents and curtains in a large atrium. Fire, 2019, 2: 1–18.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]

J. Z. Jia, X. Y. Tian, F. X. Wang. Research on smoke control for an underground mall fire, based on smoke barrier and mechanical smoke exhaust system. Sci Rep, 2022, 12: 13071.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]

Z. M. Fang, X. P. Xu, L. X. Jiang, et al. Study on the exit-selecting behavior in underground indoor space with fire using a virtual experiment. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol, 2021, 112: 103936.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]

J. L. Chen, C. M. Lai. How a natural ventilation shaft affects smoke layer descent in room fires. J Asian Archit Build Eng, 2012, 11: 199–204.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]

R. Harish, K. Venkatasubbaiah. Effects of buoyancy induced roof ventilation systems for smoke removal in tunnel fires. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol, 2014, 42: 195–205.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]

C. G. Fan, J. Chen, Z. L. Mao, et al. A numerical study on the effects of naturally ventilated shaft and fire locations in urban tunnels. Fire Mater, 2019, 43: 949–960.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
GB 51251-2017. Technical standard for smoke management systems in buildings. China Planning Press, China, 2018. (in Chinese)
[19]
GB 50016-2014. Code for fire protection design of buildings. China Planning Press, China, 2014. (in Chinese)
[20]
L. Guyonnaud, C. Solliec. Mass transfer analysis of an air curtain system. In: Advances in Fluid Mechanics II. C. A. Brebbia, G. Comini, M. Rahman, Eds. Southampton (UK): WIT Press, 1998: pp 139–148.
[21]

X. Y. Liu, J. Y. Zhang, Y. F. Li, et al. A study on tunnel smoke control strategies by experiment and numerical simulation. Adv Mater Res, 2011, 402: 864–867.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]

Z. G. Wang, X. S. Wang, Y. Q. Huang, et al. Experimental study on fire smoke control using water mist curtain in channel. J Hazard Mater, 2018, 342: 231–241.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
J. H. Klote. Smoke control. In: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. 5th edn. M. J. Hurley, D. Gottuk, J. R. Hall, Eds. New York (USA): Springer, 2016: pp 1785–1823.
Crossref
[24]

Z. Y. Zhou, Y. Lu, Y. M. Cui. Study on the effect of jet direction of compound air curtain on smoke control. Energies, 2021, 14: 6983.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]

X. C. Li, X. L. Zhao, Y. F. Jiang, et al. Air curtain dust-collecting technology: Influence factors for air curtain performance. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn, 2021, 218: 104780.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]

D. L. Gao, T. Li, X. J. Mei, et al. Effectiveness of smoke confinement of air curtain in tunnel fire. Fire Technol, 2020, 56: 2283–2314.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]

L. H. Hu, J. W. Zhou, R. Huo, et al. Confinement of fire-induced smoke and carbon monoxide transportation by air curtain in channels. J Hazard Mater, 2008, 156: 327–334.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]

G. Krajewski, W. Węgrzyński. Air curtain as a barrier for smoke in case of fire: Numerical modelling. Bull Pol Acad Sci-Tech Sci, 2015, 63: 145–153.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]

L. X. Yu, F. Liu, T. Beji, et al. Experimental study of the effectiveness of air curtains of variable width and injection angle to block fire-induced smoke in a tunnel configuration. Int J Therm Sci, 2018, 134: 13–26.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]

C. S. Jeong, C. Y. Lee. Experimental investigation on spray characteristics of twin-fluid nozzle for water mist and its heptane pool fire extinguishing performance. Process Saf Environ Prot, 2021, 148: 724–736.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]

R. Mehaddi, A. Collin, P. Boulet, et al. Use of a water mist for smoke confinement and radiation shielding in case of fire during tunnel construction. Int J Therm Sci, 2020, 148: 106156.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
H. T. Wang, S. S. Cheng, T. L. Zuo, et al. A microfoaming smoke suppressant agent and its preparation method. China Patent, CN113577946B, 2022-09-09. (in Chinese)
[33]
M. M. Singh, A. W. Laurito. Field Tests of a Foam Dust Suppressant System with Longwall Shearers. Pittsburgh (USA): Engineers International Inc, 2004.
[34]

F. W. Han, D. M. Wang, J. X. Jiang, et al. A new design of foam spray nozzle used for precise dust control in underground coal mines. Int J Min Sci Technol, 2016, 26: 241–246.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
W. R. Watson, D. R. Anderson. Foam producing nozzle. USA Patent 3388868, 1968-06-18.
[36]
Jiangsu Peisen Technology Co. A kind of foam spraying device. China Patent CN201911402148.7, 2021-05-11.
[37]
Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co. A kind of fire-fighting foam spraying device applicable to small crude oil storage tank. China Patent CN202221464114.8, 2022-12-02.
[38]
Green Friend Machinery Group Co. A kind of double-layer jet fire fighting foam spraying device. China Patent CN202222062309.6. 2023-01-06.
[39]
A. J. Kulkarni, K, A, Lauria, M. E. Eriksen, et al. Foaming nozzle of a cleaning system for turbine engines. USA Patent 11028727B2, 2021-06-08.
[40]
H. Q. Lu. Theory and Application of Spraying Technology. Beijing (China): Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press, 1989: pp 54–55.
[41]

V. N. Makarov, A. V. Ugol’nikov, N. V. Makarov, et al. Identification of parameters for high-pressure hydro swirl nozzles for dust suppression. J Min Sci, 2022, 58: 90–97.
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
L. Juslin, O. Antikainen, P. Merkku, et al. Droplet size measurement: I. Effect of three independent variables on droplet size distribution and spray angle from a pneumatic nozzle. Int J Pharm, 1995, 123: 247–256.
Crossref
[43]

X. D. Zhang, Z. G. Dong, P. F. Hao, et al. Design of flat fan nozzles and its experimental study. Mach Des Res, 2008, 24: 89–92. (in Chinese)
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]
Y. Yu. Fluent Beginners and Advanced Tutorials. Beijing (China): Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[45]
X. C. An. Numerical simulation and experimental study of gas–liquid two-phase flow in a Venturi jet. Master Thesis, Beijing, China: Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)
[46]
J. D. Anderson. Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Applications. S. P. Wu, Z. M. Liu, Trans. Beijing (China): Mechanical Industry Press, 2010: pp 34–54. (in Chinese)
[47]
F. J. Wang. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis: Principles and Applications of CFD Software. Beijing (China): Tsinghua University Press, 2004: 7–13. (in Chinese)
[48]
L. C. She. Research on the design and performance of liquid–gas ejector. Harbin Eng Univ, 2022: 26. (in Chinese)
[49]
T. L. Zuo. Experimental study on the preparation and performance of foam-type smoke suppressants. Master Thesis, Xuzhou, China: China University of Mining and Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)
[50]

J. Wu, T. H. New. An investigation on supersonic bevelled nozzle jets. Aerosp Sci Technol, 2017, 63: 278–293.
Crossref Google Scholar
[51]

W. H. Wang, Z. X. Zhu, Z. R. Jiao, et al. Characteristics of fire and smoke in the natural gas cabin of urban underground utility tunnels based on CFD simulations. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol, 2021, 109: 103748.
Crossref Google Scholar
[52]

J. Goo. Development of the size distribution of smoke particles in a compartment fire. Fire Saf J, 2012, 47: 46–53.
Crossref Google Scholar
Journal of Intelligent Construction
Volume 2 Issue 2,
June 2024
Article number: 9180025
DOI: 10.26599/JIC.2024.9180025
Cite this article:
Wang H, Li X, Zhu Z, et al. Research and development of foam smoke reduction device for underground confined spaces. Journal of Intelligent Construction, 2024, 2(2): 9180025. https://doi.org/10.26599/JIC.2024.9180025
Part of a topical collection:
Special Issue for Risk Management in Underground Space

1593

Views

1045

Downloads

0

Crossref

Altmetrics
Received: 06 November 2023
Revised: 14 February 2024
Accepted: 28 February 2024
Published: 11 May 2024
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Return