Journal Home > Online First

The orthotropic steel bridge deck (OSBD) has been widely used in recent decades, benefiting from its advantages of lightweight and easy assembly. However, the longitudinal and transversal stiffeners of OSBDs are connected to the top flange plate through dense welds, which will easily introduce fatigue cracks. Hence, the composite bridge deck (CBD) system was proposed, adding a concrete layer over a steel plate to increase the sectional stiffness of OSBDs and reduce the fatigue stress amplitude. Furthermore, some new materials with extraordinary properties such as ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and engineering cementitious composites (ECC) were used to replace the normal concrete, to improve the bearing capacity and crack resistance of CBDs. In this review, four kinds of bridge deck systems with different structural types including OSBD, steel–concrete, steel–UHPC, and steel–ECC CBDs were discussed. The flexural performance of four systems under sagging and hogging moments was reviewed, and close attention was paid to the crack resistance of the CBD system. In addition, the shear connection used in the CBDs was concentrated, and the shear behavior of some connectors including studs, perforated rib (PBL), and modified clothoid (MCL) shape shear connectors was investigated. The CBD structure assembled by duplicate profile steel parts proposed recently was introduced and discussed.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Application of high-performance cementitious composites in steel–concrete composite bridge deck systems: A review

Show Author's information Yunlong ChenaJingzhong Tonga( )Qinghua LiaShilang XuaLuming Shenb( )
Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

Abstract

The orthotropic steel bridge deck (OSBD) has been widely used in recent decades, benefiting from its advantages of lightweight and easy assembly. However, the longitudinal and transversal stiffeners of OSBDs are connected to the top flange plate through dense welds, which will easily introduce fatigue cracks. Hence, the composite bridge deck (CBD) system was proposed, adding a concrete layer over a steel plate to increase the sectional stiffness of OSBDs and reduce the fatigue stress amplitude. Furthermore, some new materials with extraordinary properties such as ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and engineering cementitious composites (ECC) were used to replace the normal concrete, to improve the bearing capacity and crack resistance of CBDs. In this review, four kinds of bridge deck systems with different structural types including OSBD, steel–concrete, steel–UHPC, and steel–ECC CBDs were discussed. The flexural performance of four systems under sagging and hogging moments was reviewed, and close attention was paid to the crack resistance of the CBD system. In addition, the shear connection used in the CBDs was concentrated, and the shear behavior of some connectors including studs, perforated rib (PBL), and modified clothoid (MCL) shape shear connectors was investigated. The CBD structure assembled by duplicate profile steel parts proposed recently was introduced and discussed.

Keywords: composite bridge deck, orthotropic steel bridge deck, flexural behavior, crack resistance, high-performance cementitious composites

References(91)

[1]
J. Manganaro. Orthotropic steel plate deck design applied to a welded girder bridge. Master Thesis, New York, USA: Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 1962: 1–134.
[2]

M. Chen, J. H. Xue, P. Li, et al. Orthotropic analysis of steel deck–girder–rib systems subjected to transverse load. Int J Steel Struct, 2019, 19: 1010–1022.

[3]

X. Jiang, Q. T. Su, X. Han, et al. Experimental study and numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of T-shape stiffened orthotropic steel–concrete composite bridge decks. Int J Steel Struct, 2017, 17: 893–907.

[4]
J. H. Cheng, J. M. Xiong, J. Z. Zhou. Finite element analysis on mechanical behavior of orthotropic steel bridge deck in Balinghe bridge. Adv Mater Res, 2013, 639–640: 239–242.
DOI
[5]
R. D. Luo, M. X. Ye, Y. Z. Zhang. Study on influences of thickness of flange of U rib on mechanical behaviors of orthotropic monolithic steel bridge deck system. Adv Mater Res, 2010, 163–167: 122–126.
DOI
[6]

X. H. Li, H. F. Lin, A. A. Zhao, et al. Experimental study on fatigue performance of double welded orthotropic steel bridge deck. J Constr Steel Res, 2024, 213: 108418.

[7]

X. W. Liao, H. L. Wei, H. Y. Pan, et al. Fatigue resistance of rib-to-bimetallic steel deck welded joints in orthotropic steel bridge decks. Thin-Walled Struct, 2024, 194: 111318.

[8]

L. Z. Shi, B. Cheng, S. Xiang, et al. Monitoring for fatigue crack geometry in orthotropic steel bridge decks by application of reflected Lamb waves. Thin-Walled Struct, 2023, 192: 111170.

[9]

X. D. Wang, C. Q. Miao, D. D. Hao. Machine learning-assisted fatigue performance optimization for cutout geometry of orthotropic steel bridge decks. Case Stud Constr Mater, 2023, 18: e01962.

[10]

Y. Zhu, S. Y. Zhao, Y. Y. Zhang. Deformation and energy dissipation of steel box girders of cable-stayed bridges subjected to blast loadings. Sustainable Struct, 2023, 3: 000032.

[11]

W. Siekierski. Analysis of concrete shrinkage along truss bridge with steel–concrete composite deck. Steel Compos Struct, 2016, 20: 1237–1257.

[12]

W. C. Xu, S. F. Guo, S. Q. Yao. Structural stiffness evaluation of suspension bridge based on monitoring data. J Intell Constr, 2023, 1: 9180013.

[13]

H. Y. Kim, Y. J. Jeong. Experimental investigation on behaviour of steel–concrete composite bridge decks with perfobond ribs. J Constr Steel Res, 2006, 62: 463–471.

[14]

C. Wang, Y. B. Yang, J. S. Zhu, et al. Study on early shrinkage and cracking of slab in UHPC light-weight composite deck based on ambient temperature and humidity effects. Constr Build Mater, 2024, 411: 134621.

[15]

Y. Wang, J. H. Cao, X. D. Shao, et al. Flexural behavior and crack width prediction of UHPC–steel strip composite decks under sagging moments. Eng Struct, 2023, 293: 116581.

[16]

F. Y. Gong, X. J. Sun, Y. Takahashi, et al. Computational modeling of combined frost damage and alkali–silica reaction on the durability and fatigue life of RC bridge decks. J Intell Constr, 2023, 1: 9180001.

[17]

X. X. Zhu, H. Abe, D. Hayashi, et al. Behavioral characteristics of RC beams with non-uniform corrosion along the reinforcement. J Intell Constr, 2023, 1: 9180019.

[18]

Z. Q. Peng, X. Wang, L. N. Ding, et al. Static and sustained loading behavior of a basalt FRP shell–concrete composite bridge deck: An experimental and numerical study. Eng Struct, 2021, 230: 111689.

[19]

A. Cwirzen, V. Penttala, C. Vornanen. Reactive powder based concretes: Mechanical properties, durability and hybrid use with OPC. Cem Concr Res, 2008, 38: 1217–1226.

[20]

J. P. Charron, E. Denarié, E. Brühwiler. Transport properties of water and glycol in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) under high tensile deformation. Cem Concr Res, 2008, 38: 689–698.

[21]

B. Graybeal, J. Tanesi. Durability of an ultrahigh-performance concrete. J Mater Civil Eng, 2007, 19: 848–854.

[22]

V. C. Li, C. K. Y. Leung. Steady-state and multiple cracking of short random fiber composites. J Eng Mech, 1992, 118: 2246–2264.

[23]

X. N. Huang, Q. H. Li, J. Z. Tong, et al. Punching shear behavior and strength prediction of UHTCC-enhanced RC slab–column joints. Eng Struct, 2023, 286: 116162.

[24]

X. N. Huang, J. Z. Tong, Q. H. Li, et al. Numerical and analytical investigations on punching shear performance of UHTCC-enhanced RC slab–column joints. J Build Eng, 2023, 79: 107900.

[25]

G. Z. Wang, J. Z. Tong, Q. H. Li, et al. Flexural performance and design of steel–UHTCC composite bridge decks with different composite degrees under hogging moments. J Struct Eng, 2023, 149: 04023023.

[26]

Q. H. Li, G. Z. Wang, J. Z. Tong, et al. Flexural capacity of steel–UHTCC (ultra-high toughness cementitious composite) bridge deck considering different shear connection degrees. Adv Struct Eng, 2022, 25: 1907–1922.

[27]
S. L. Xu, Q. H. Li. Performance and application of ultra high toughness cementitious composite: A review. In: Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Conference on Structural Engineering, Guangzhou, China, 2009: pp 147–194. (in Chinese)
[28]

Y. Li, X. W. Ma, H. Y. Li, et al. Experimental study on flexural and interfacial shear properties of the steel–UHPC glued composite deck. Eng Struct, 2023, 293: 116643.

[29]

C. Xu, H. Xiao, W. Wang, et al. Thermostatic shrinkage effect monitoring and analysis of novel post-combination steel–UHPC composite decks. Eng Struct, 2023, 295: 116864.

[30]

S. Q. Qin, J. B. Zhang, C. L. Huang, et al. Fatigue performance evaluation of steel–UHPC composite orthotropic deck in a long-span cable-stayed bridge under in-service traffic. Eng Struct, 2022, 254: 113875.

[31]

J. P. Lin, L. Q. Lin, Z. X. Peng, et al. Cracking performance in the hogging-moment regions of natural curing steel–UHPC and steel–UHTCC continuous composite beams. J Bridge Eng, 2022, 27: 04021106.

[32]

Z. Y. Chen, S. Q. Wang, Z. H. Zeng, et al. An experimental study on the flexural performance of a steel–ECC composite bridge deck sheet in the negative moment zone. Appl Sci, 2023, 13: 3777.

[33]

C. Q. Yu, G. S. Tong, J. Z. Tong, et al. Experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of L-shaped multi-cellular CFST frames. J Constr Steel Res, 2024, 213: 108360.

[34]

R. M. Wu, L. Q. Wang, J. Z. Tong, et al. Elastic buckling formulas of multi-stiffened corrugated steel plate shear walls. Eng Struct, 2024, 300: 117218.

[35]

J. W. Zhang, J. Z. Tong, C. Q. Yu, et al. Experimental evaluation on seismic performance of multi-celled corrugated-plate CFST walls. J Constr Steel Res, 2023, 201: 107743.

[36]

J. Z. Tong, X. Yang, C. Q. Yu, et al. Numerical study on ultimate axial resistance of novel fold-fastened multi-cellular steel walls. J Constr Steel Res, 2023, 204: 107857.

[37]

S. M. Zhou, J. Z. Tong, G. S. Tong, et al. Testing on global stability performance of multi-celled CFST walls with three simply-supported edges. Eng Struct, 2023, 291: 116478.

[38]

J. Z. Tong, R. M. Wu, L. Q. Wang. Experimental and numerical investigations on seismic behavior of stiffened corrugated steel plate shear walls. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 2023, 52: 3551–3574.

[39]

Y. L. Chen, J. Z. Tong, Q. H. Li, et al. Flexural behavior of novel profiled steel–UHTCC assembled composite bridge decks. J Constr Steel Res, 2024, 212: 108258.

[40]

P. J. Dowling, A. S. Bawa. Influence surfaces for orthotropic steel bridge decks. Proc Inst Civil Eng, 1975, 59: 149–168.

[41]

B. Zou, J. F. Davalos, A. Chen, et al. Evaluation of load distribution factor by series solution for orthotropic bridge decks. J Aerosp Eng, 2011, 24: 240–248.

[42]

Y. Liu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. J. Chen, et al. Fatigue properties of OSD in large cantilever cable-stayed bridge on highway–railway layer. J Constr Steel Res, 2023, 211: 108149.

[43]

C. Cui, Q. H. Zhang, Y. Luo, et al. Fatigue reliability evaluation of deck-to-rib welded joints in OSD considering stochastic traffic load and welding residual stress. Int J Fatigue, 2018, 111: 151–160.

[44]

W. J. Wu, H. Kolstein, M. Veljkovic. Fatigue resistance of rib-to-deck welded joint in OSDs, analyzed by fracture mechanics. J Constr Steel Res, 2019, 162: 105700.

[45]

K. Kashefi, A. P. Zandi, M. Zeinoddini. Fatigue life evaluation through field measurements and laboratory tests. Proc Eng, 2010, 2: 573–582.

[46]

C. Minervino, B. Sivakumar, F. Moses, et al. New AASHTO guide manual for load and resistance factor rating of highway bridges. J Bridge Eng, 2004, 9: 43–54.

[47]
2023 Manual for Railway Engineering on https://publications.arema.org/Publication/MRE_2023, 2023.
[48]

Q. H. Zhang, C. Cui, Y. Z. Bu, et al. Fatigue tests and fatigue assessment approaches for rib-to-diaphragm in steel orthotropic decks. J Constr Steel Res, 2015, 114: 110–118.

[49]

K. Seleš, M. Perić, Z. Tonković. Numerical simulation of a welding process using a prescribed temperature approach. J Constr Steel Res, 2018, 145: 49–57.

[50]

H. Zhang, Q. Mao, Z. Y. Zhu, et al. Experimental study on service performance of epoxy asphalt steel deck pavement of cable stayed bridge. Case Stud Constr Mater, 2020, 13: e00392.

[51]

L. L. Chen, G. Liu, G. S. Pan, et al. Investigation on the pore water pressure in steel bridge deck pavement under the coupling effect of water and vehicle load. Constr Build Mater, 2023, 409: 134021.

[52]
Y. L. Zhan, R. D. Zhao, X. M. Mao, et al. Experiment of mechanical behavior of steel and concrete composite deck slab under positive bending moment. Bridge Constr, 2006: 5–8. (in Chinese),
[53]

Y. Yang, G. Zhu, P. J. Zhou, et al. Experimental study on the mechanical behavior and design method of plain steel-plate and concrete composite bridge decks. China Civil Eng J, 2009, 42: 135–141. (in Chinese)

[54]

H. Y. Kim, Y. J. Jeong. Steel–concrete composite bridge deck slab with profiled sheeting. J Constr Steel Res, 2009, 65: 1751–1762.

[55]

H. Y. Kim, Y. J. Jeong. Ultimate strength of a steel–concrete composite bridge deck slab with profiled sheeting. Eng Struct, 2010, 32: 534–546.

[56]

Y. Y. Liu, A. Li, J. X. Cao, et al. Mechanical properties of timber–concrete connections with steel tube connectors. Sustainable Struct, 2022, 2: 000017.

[57]

H. Hoshina, C. Fujiyama. Performance of headed stud on steel–concrete composite bridge deck as shear connector subjected to normal force. Proc Eng, 2017, 171: 1294–1300.

[58]

F. L. Kong, P. M. Huang, B. Han, et al. Experimental study on behavior of corrugated steel–concrete composite bridge decks with MCL shape composite dowels. Eng Struct, 2021, 227: 111399.

[59]

W. W. Li, L. J. Zhao, W. Liu, et al. Study on shear performance of discontinuous PBL connectors with double holes. Alexandria Eng J, 2024, 88: 45–57.

[60]

C. Li, J. G. Nie, X. Y. Zhou, et al. Anti-cracking design for hogging moment regions of steel–concrete continuous composite beam bridges. J Build Struct, 2022, 43: 172–178. (in Chinese)

[61]

F. Althoey, N. H. Sor, H. M. Hadidi, et al. Crack width prediction of self-healing engineered cementitious composite using multi-expression programming. J Mater Res Technol, 2023, 24: 918–927.

[62]

H. W. Liang, K. Tan, K. L. Deng, et al. Crack resistance of steel–concrete hybrid joint between concrete girder and steel–concrete composite girder in long-span cable-stayed bridge under hogging moment. J Bridge Eng, 2023, 28: 05022013.

[63]
C. E. Majorana, V. A. Salomoni, B. A. Scsrcler. A constitutive relationship for high performance and ultra high performance concrete. In: proceedings of EURO-C 1988 Conference on Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures, Bad Gastein, Austria, 1988: pp 203–208.
[64]

H. H. C. Wong, A. K. H. Kwan. Packing density of cementitious materials: Part 1—Measurement using a wet packing method. Mater Struct, 2008, 41: 689–701.

[65]

Z. Zhang, X. D. Shao, W. G. Li, et al. Axial tensile behavior test of ultra high performance concrete. China J Highw Transp, 2015, 28: 50–58. (in Chinese)

[66]
J. Yang. Flexural behavior of ultra-high performance concrete beams prestressed with CFRP tendons. Ph.D. Thesis, Changsha, China: Hunan University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[67]

L. Fan, L. Teng, F. J. Tang, et al. Corrosion of steel rebar embedded in UHPC beams with cracked matrix. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 313: 125589.

[68]

L. Fan, W. N. Meng, L. Teng, et al. Effects of lightweight sand and steel fiber contents on the corrosion performance of steel rebar embedded in UHPC. Constr Build Mater, 2020, 238: 117709.

[69]
T. V. Voort, M. T. Suleiman, S. Sritharan. Design and Performance Verification of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Piles for Deep Foundations. Ames (USA): Iowa State University, 2008.
[70]

X. H. Zhang, H. J. Wang, Y. Zhang, et al. Corrosion of steel rebars across UHPC joint interface under chloride attack. Constr Build Mater, 2023, 387: 131591.

[71]

J. H. Cao, X. D. Shao, J. Zhan, et al. A simplified analysis method for long-span suspension bridges within the deck overlay retrofitting process from asphalt to UHPC. Eng Struct, 2023, 289: 116122.

[72]

Y. Zou, K. D. Zheng, Z. X. Zhou, et al. Experimental study on flexural behavior of hollow steel–UHPC composite bridge deck. Eng Struct, 2023, 274: 115087.

[73]

Z. Y. Cheng, Q. H. Zhang, Y. Bao, et al. Flexural behavior of corrugated steel–UHPC composite bridge decks. Eng Struct, 2021, 246: 113066.

[74]

Y. Zhang, S. K. Cai, Y. P. Zhu, et al. Flexural responses of steel–UHPC composite beams under hogging moment. Eng Struct, 2020, 206: 110134.

[75]

J. Luo, X. D. Shao, W. Fan, et al. Flexural cracking behavior and crack width predictions of composite (steel + UHPC) lightweight deck system. Eng Struct, 2019, 194: 120–137.

[76]

J. L. Xiao, M. Zhou, J. G. Nie, et al. Flexural behavior of steel–UHPC composite slabs with perfobond rib shear connectors. Eng Struct, 2021, 245: 112912.

[77]

K. L. Deng, K. K. Wang, H. W. Liang, et al. Experimental and analytical study on crack resistance of fully prefabricated steel–UHPC composite deck using PBL connectors. Eng Struct, 2023, 275: 115249.

[78]

X. Y. Tan, Z. Fang, Z. L. Peng, et al. Tensile behavior of a prefabricated steel–UHPC composite deck system with notched perfobond strips. Eng Struct, 2022, 268: 114737.

[79]

G. R. Sun, J. Shi, Y. W. Qu. Cracking and yield behavior of reinforced UHPC beams containing steel slag under flexural test. Eng Struct, 2023, 280: 115693.

[80]

B. Xu, Y. J. Liu, W. Q. Zhu. Comparative study on flexural behavior of steel–UHPC composite beams and steel–ordinary concrete composite beams in the negative moment zone. Structures, 2023, 57: 105288.

[81]

Q. H. Li, B. T. Huang, S. L. Xu. Development of assembled permanent formwork using ultra high toughness cementitious composites. Adv Struct Eng, 2016, 19: 1142–1152.

[82]

Q. H. Li, X. Gao, S. L. Xu. Multiple effects of nano-SiO2 and hybrid fibers on properties of high toughness fiber reinforced cementitious composites with high-volume fly ash. Cem Concr Compos, 2016, 72: 201–212.

[83]

J. Z. Tong, Y. L. Chen, Q. H. Li, et al. Experimental study on flexural performance of steel–UHTCC composite bridge decks considering different shear connection degrees. Eng Struct, 2023, 281: 115738.

[84]

J. Z. Tong, Y. L. Chen, Q. H. Li, et al. Experimental and numerical study of transversal flexural behavior on steel ultrahigh-toughness cementitious composite bridge decks. J Bridge Eng, 2023, 28: 04023044.

[85]

M. J. Hou, K. X. Hu, J. T. Yu, et al. Experimental study on ultra-high ductility cementitious composites applied to link slabs for jointless bridge decks. Compos Struct, 2018, 204: 167–177.

[86]
GB 50010-2010. Code for design of concrete structures. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, 2010: pp 28–30. (in Chinese)
[87]
International Federation for Structural Concrete. Model Code 2010. Lausanne (Switzerland): International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2010.
[88]

T. Leutbecher, E. Fehling. Crack width control for combined reinforcement of rebars and fibers exemplified by ultra-high-performance concrete. Fib Task Group, 2008, 8: 1–28.

[89]

C. Lu, J. J. Wang, C. K. Y. Leung, et al. Micromechanics-based model of single crack propagation in engineered cementitious composites (ECC). Constr Build Mater, 2023, 369: 130519.

[90]

X. Zheng, J. Zhang. Finite element simulation for bending behavior of steel–ECC composite slab considering shrinkage, creep and cracking. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 282: 122643.

[91]

J. Du, W. N. Meng, K. H. Khayat, et al. New development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Compos Part B: Eng, 2021, 224: 109220.

Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 04 January 2024
Revised: 22 January 2024
Accepted: 25 January 2024
Published: 29 April 2024

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LR24E080002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51978607 and 52108180), and the ZJU-USyd Ignition Grants.

Rights and permissions

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Return