Journal Home > Volume 1 , Issue 1
Journal of Intelligent Construction 2023, 1(1): 9180001 https://doi.org/10.26599/JIC.2023.9180001
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 11 April 2023

Computational modeling of combined frost damage and alkali–silica reaction on the durability and fatigue life of RC bridge decks

Show Author's Information Fuyuan Gong1,  Xiaojie Sun1,  Yuya Takahashi2( ),  Koichi Maekawa3,  Weiliang Jin1
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Department of Civil Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
Keywords:
frost damage, alkali–silica reaction (ASR), bridge deck, combined effect, fatigue life
Cite this article:
Gong F, Sun X, Takahashi Y, et al. Computational modeling of combined frost damage and alkali–silica reaction on the durability and fatigue life of RC bridge decks. Journal of Intelligent Construction, 2023, 1(1): 9180001. https://doi.org/10.26599/JIC.2023.9180001
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

508

Views

113

Downloads

Citations

1

Crossref

N/A

WoS

N/A

Scopus

N/A

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

A coupling model reflecting the interaction between freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) and alkali–silica reactions (ASRs) is established from the microscale to the macroscale under the consideration of non-uniform environmental and mechanical conditions. At both material and structural levels with/without reinforcement, the deformation and damage patterns of specimens under single and coupled FTCs and ASRs were simulated by multiscale finite element analysis and partially verified by experiments. Furthermore, following different sources of damage actions, the remaining fatigue life of reinforced concentrate (RC) slabs under traffic loads was investigated. The results show that ASR-driven expansion is mainly governed by the arrangement of reinforcing bars, whereas FTC damage is mainly initiated from corners, edges, and surfaces of RC slab parts and closely relies on water supply. In addition, the severity of coupled damage (FTC and ASR) can be significantly greater than that of the sum of single ASR and FTC damage due to the gel-filling of pores and entrained air. Finally, in terms of the remaining fatigue life, the ASR could be occasionally beneficial for bridge decks under moving traffic loads due to gel-filled cracks and chemical prestressing. However, if cracks are empty or filled by condensed liquid water, the overall fatigue life will be significantly reduced.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Computational modeling of combined frost damage and alkali–silica reaction on the durability and fatigue life of RC bridge decks

Show Author's information Fuyuan Gong1, Xiaojie Sun1, Yuya Takahashi2( ), Koichi Maekawa3, Weiliang Jin1
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Department of Civil Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan

Abstract

A coupling model reflecting the interaction between freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) and alkali–silica reactions (ASRs) is established from the microscale to the macroscale under the consideration of non-uniform environmental and mechanical conditions. At both material and structural levels with/without reinforcement, the deformation and damage patterns of specimens under single and coupled FTCs and ASRs were simulated by multiscale finite element analysis and partially verified by experiments. Furthermore, following different sources of damage actions, the remaining fatigue life of reinforced concentrate (RC) slabs under traffic loads was investigated. The results show that ASR-driven expansion is mainly governed by the arrangement of reinforcing bars, whereas FTC damage is mainly initiated from corners, edges, and surfaces of RC slab parts and closely relies on water supply. In addition, the severity of coupled damage (FTC and ASR) can be significantly greater than that of the sum of single ASR and FTC damage due to the gel-filling of pores and entrained air. Finally, in terms of the remaining fatigue life, the ASR could be occasionally beneficial for bridge decks under moving traffic loads due to gel-filled cracks and chemical prestressing. However, if cracks are empty or filled by condensed liquid water, the overall fatigue life will be significantly reduced.

Keywords: frost damage, alkali–silica reaction (ASR), bridge deck, combined effect, fatigue life

References(36)

[1]

K. Maekawa, T. Ishida, T. Kishi. Multi-scale modeling of concrete performance. J Adv Concr Technol, 2003, 1: 91–126.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

K. Maekawa, C. Fujiyama. Rate-dependent model of structural concrete incorporating kinematics of ambient water subjected to high-cycle loads. Eng Comput, 2013, 30: 825–841.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

E. Gebreyouhannes, K. Maekawa. Nonlinear gel migration in cracked concrete and broken symmetry of corrosion profiles. J Adv Concr Technol, 2016, 14: 271–286.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

Y. Takahashi, S. Ogawa, Y. Tanaka, et al. Scale-dependent ASR expansion of concrete and its prediction coupled with silica gel generation and migration. J Adv Concr Technol, 2016, 14: 444–463.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

F. Y. Gong, Y. Takahashi, K. Maekawa. Strong coupling of freeze–thaw cycles and alkali silica reaction—Multi-scale poro-mechanical approach to concrete damages. J Adv Concr Technol, 2017, 15: 346–367.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

M. Kawamura, K. Takeuchi, A. Sugiyama. Mechanisms of expansion of mortars containing reactive aggregate in NaCl solution. Cem Concr Res, 1994, 24: 621–632.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

T. C. Powers. A working hypothesis for further studies of frost resistance of concrete. J Am Concr Inst, 1945, 16: 245–272.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]
G. W. Scherer, J. J. Valenza II. Mechanisms of frost damage. In: Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. VII. F. Young, J. Skalny, Eds. Westerville (USA): American Ceramic Society, 2005: pp 209–246.
[9]

O. Coussy, P. J. M. Monteiro. Poroelastic model for concrete exposed to freezing temperatures. Cem Concr Res, 2008, 38: 40–48.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

F. Y. Gong, E. Sicat, D. W. Zhang, et al. Stress analysis for concrete materials under multiple freeze–thaw cycles. J Adv Concr Technol, 2015, 13: 124–134.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

M. Hasan, H. Okuyama, Y. Sato, et al. Stress–strain model of concrete damaged by freezing and thawing cycles. J Adv Concr Technol, 2004, 2: 89–99.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

T. Ueda, M. Hasan, K. Nagai, et al. Mesoscale simulation of influence of frost damage on mechanical properties of concrete. J Mater Civ Eng, 2009, 21: 244–252.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

F. Y. Gong, Y. Wang, D. W. Zhang, et al. Mesoscale simulation of deformation for mortar and concrete under cyclic freezing and thawing stress. J Adv Concr Technol, 2015, 13: 291–304.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

Y. Kawabata, K. Yamada. Evaluation of alkalinity of pore solution based on the phase composition of cement hydrates with supplementary cementitious materials and its relation to suppressing ASR expansion. J Adv Concr Technol, 2015, 13: 538–553.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

U. Costa, T. Mangialardi, A. E. Paolini. Assessment of blended cements effectiveness against ASR by mortar and concrete expansion tests. J Adv Concr Technol, 2014, 12: 266–278.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]
V. E. Saouma. Numerical Modelling of AAR. Boca Raton (USA): CRC Press, 2014.
DOI
[17]

S. Multon, A. Sellier, M. Cyr. Chemo-mechanical modeling for prediction of alkali silica reaction (ASR) expansion. Cem Concr Res, 2009, 39: 390–500.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]

Z. P. Baz̆ant, A. Steffens. Mathematical model for kinetics of alkali–silica reaction in concrete. Cem Concr Res, 2000, 30: 419–428.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]

F. Bangert, D. Kuhl, G. Meschke. Chemo–hygro-mechanical modelling and numerical simulation of concrete deterioration caused by alkali–silica reaction. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, 2004, 28: 689–714.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]

J. Lindgård, Ö. Andiç-Çakır, I. Fernandes, et al. Alkali–silica reactions (ASR): Literature review on parameters influencing laboratory performance testing. Cem Concr Res, 2012, 42: 223–243.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

L. Charpin, A. Ehrlacher. Microporomechanics study of anisotropy of ASR under loading. Cem Concr Res, 2014, 63: 143–157.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

F. Y. Gong, Y. Takahashi, K. Maekawa. Multi-scale computational modeling for concrete damage by mixed pore pressures—Case of coupled alkali–silica reaction and cyclic freeze/thaw. Eng Comput, 2018, 35: 2367–2385.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

A. D. Jensen, S. Chatterji, P. Christensen, et al. Studies of alkali–silica reaction—Part II effect of air-entrainment on expansion. Cem Concr Res, 1984, 14: 311–314.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]
M. Muranaka, Y. Tanaka. Development of physical and chemical model for concrete expansion due to asr based on reaction mechanism. J Japan Soc Civ Eng Ser E, 2013, 69: 1–15. (in Japanese)
DOI
[25]

H. Maraghechi, S. M. H. Shafaatian, G. Fischer, et al. The role of residual cracks on alkali silica reactivity of recycled glass aggregates. Cem Concr Compos, 2012, 34: 41–47.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]
T. Kishi, K. Maekawa. Multi-component model for hydration heat of portland cement. Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, 1995, 526/V-29: 97–109. (in Japanese)
DOI
[27]

T. Ishida, K. Maekawa, T. Kishi. Enhanced modeling of moisture equilibrium and transport in cementitious materials under arbitrary temperature and relative humidity history. Cem Concr Res, 2007, 37: 565–578.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

K. Maekawa, M. Soltani, T. Ishida, et al. Time-dependent space-averaged constitutive modeling of cracked reinforced concrete subjected to shrinkage and sustained loads. J Adv Concr Technol, 2006, 4: 193–207.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]
K. Maekawa, T. Ishida, T. Kishi. Multi-scale Modeling of Structural Concrete. New York (USA): Taylor and Francis, 2008.
DOI
[30]

M. A. B. Promentilla, T. Sugiyama. X-ray microtomography of mortars exposed to freezing–thawing action. J Adv Concr Technol, 2010, 8: 97–111.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

F. Y. Gong, Y. Takahashi, I. Segawa, et al. Mechanical properties of concrete with smeared cracking by alkali–silica reaction and freeze–thaw cycles. Cem Concr Compos, 2020, 111: 103623.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]
K. Okawa, Y. Koda, I. Iwaki. Influence of frost damage on the moving load fatigue behavior of RC slab. In: Proceedings of the 74th National Conference of Civil Engineering, Takamatsu, Japan, 2019, V38. (in Japanese)
[33]
T. Maeshima, Y. Koda, I. Iwaki, et al. Influence of alkali silica reaction on fatigue resistance of RC bridge deck. J Japan Soc Civ Eng Ser E, 2016, 72: 126–145. (in Japanese)
DOI
[34]

Y. Takahashi, Y. Tanaka, K. Maekawa. Computational life assessment of ASR-damaged RC decks by site-inspection data assimilation. J Adv Concr Technol, 2018, 16: 46–60.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]

S. Matsui. Fatigue strength of RC-slabs of highway bridge by wheel running machine and influence of water on fatigue. Proc Jpn Concr Inst, 1987, 9: 627–632.
Google Scholar
[36]
Y. Hiratsuka, K. Maekawa. Multi-scale and multi-chemo–physics analysis applied to fatigue life assessment of strengthened bridge decks. In: Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications, Barcelona, Spain, 2015: pp 596–607.
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 28 November 2022
Revised: 31 January 2023
Accepted: 10 February 2023
Published: 11 April 2023
Issue date: March 2023

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51820105012, 52038010, and 52008367) and JSPS KAKENHI (Nos. 21H01416 and 20H00260).

Rights and permissions

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Return