Role of dietary lipids and gut microbiome-derived lipids in regulation of intestinal homeostasis and modulation of inflammatory diseases

Gut health is the foundation of overall health. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is a kind of chronic relapsing and idiopathic immune dysbiosis in the intestinal tract. Recent studies have highlighted the effects of various dietary components on the progress of IBD. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that both dietary lipids and gut microbiome-derived lipids play a crucial role in gut health. They can directly or indirectly change the composition of gut microbiota, modulate the metabolism of colonic epithelial cells, influence the integrity of gut barrier and regulate the immune function. This review aims to define the key classes of dietary lipids and microbial-derived lipids, elucidate the interaction of these lipids with gut microbiota, discuss their effects on the intestinal homeostasis, and provide the future perspective in the research of gut health.