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Lignans in Patrinia have attracted the attention of researchers due to their diverse structure and remarkable activity. We searched the PubMed database for articles published from 2003 to 2023 using appropriate search terms: Patrinia, Lignans, Biological activity, and Chemical structures. In this paper, the active lignans and their action mechanisms were summarized over the past 20 years. The results showed that 56 lignans have been isolated and identified from Patrinia, including furofurans, dibenzyltyrolactones, tetrahydrofurans, arylnaphthalenes, benzofurans and biphenyl derivatives. 45 lignans had anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibitor, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, neuroprotection, anti-bacterial, hepatoprotection and anti-diabetic activities. The anti-inflammatory mechanism involves AMPK, MAPK, NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, and the antitumor mechanism involves Raf/MEK/ERK, Akt/JNK and AKT signaling pathways. Lignans in Patrinia are promising to be utilized in food and medicine.
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