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Research Article | Open Access

High-entropy diboride: A novel high-temperature self-lubricating ceramic with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties

Jicheng Li1,2,3,Yunfeng Su1,Shuna Chen1Hengzhong Fan1( )Xiande Zheng1Qiuan Sun1Junjie Song1Litian Hu1Yongsheng Zhang1( )
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo 315336, China
Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China

Jicheng Li and Yunfeng Su contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Ceramic-based lubrication materials are among the best choices for solving high-temperature load-bearing and lubrication problems. However, traditional ceramics achieve self-lubrication by adding lubricating phases, which often leads to significant degradation of mechanical properties, severely limiting their engineering applications. Benefiting from the excellent high-temperature mechanical and lubrication potential of novel high-entropy borides, the present work innovatively proposed a strategy of using high-entropy ceramic components to provide lubrication functions and successfully designed and prepared a novel high-entropy (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)B2 system based on the tribological element design principles. The material achieves synergistic enhancement of both mechanical and tribological performance. Its microhardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength are 23.8±0.9 GPa, 5.4±0.3 MPa·m1/2, and 415±17 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, compared with conventional single-phase ceramics, high-entropy (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)B2 with Al2O3 balls as the mating partner demonstrates exceptional overall tribological properties across a wide temperature range. Notably, the friction coefficient is as low as 0.12±0.01 at 1000 °C, while the wear rate maintains at a low level ((8.8±0.7)×10−5 mm3/(N·m)). This outstanding high-temperature tribological performance is attributed primarily to the novel high-temperature solid–liquid synergistic lubrication mechanism generated by liquid-phase B2O3 and solid-phase layered MoO3 and V2O5, as well as the excellent high-temperature support provided by the high-entropy (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)B2 substrate.

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Article number: 9221085
Cite this article:
Li J, Su Y, Chen S, et al. High-entropy diboride: A novel high-temperature self-lubricating ceramic with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2025, 14(6): 9221085. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2025.9221085

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Received: 13 February 2025
Revised: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 02 May 2025
Published: 27 June 2025
© The Author(s) 2025.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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